堤坝蚁巢综合物探技术研究进展

Research progress on integrated geophysical exploration technology for termite nests in embankments and dams

通过梳理不同时期土石坝蚁巢的类型与规模,阐述了蚁巢的结构特点及成灾模式,总结了蚁巢物探的物性基础;着重介绍了直流电阻率法、探地雷达技术、地震勘探法等在蚁巢探测中的应用现状,从成果维度、探测效率、工作强度、探查精度等视角论述了探测方法的适用条件,指出现有物探技术还不能有效支撑蚁巢的高精度、高效率、立体化探测,并提出了普查-详查-治理-监控的蚁患综合物探服务架构。立足于蚁巢探查技术的客观需要,提出未来蚁巢物探技术应聚焦研制蚁巢发育阶段的1∶1病害物理模拟装置及隐患图谱,研发适应堤坝地形的蚁巢探测装备及正反演算法,构建堤坝蚁害常态化巡查体系及时移电阻率监控系统。

By reviewing the types and scales of termite nests in different periods of earth-rock dams,the structural characteristics and disaster modes of termite nests are expounded,and the physical properties based on the geophysical exploration of termite nests are summarized.The application status of methods such as the direct current resistivity method,ground penetrating radar technology and seismic exploration method in termite nest exploration is emphatically introduced.The application conditions of the methods are discussed from the perspectives of achievement dimension,detection efficiency,work intensity and detection accuracy.It is pointed out that the existing geophysical exploration technologies are still insufficient to support high-precision,high-efficiency,and three-dimensional detection of termite nests.Therefore,a comprehensive geophysical exploration service framework for termite nest detection is proposed,including survey,detailed investigation,management,and monitoring.Based on the objective needs of termite nest detection technology,it is proposed that future geophysical detection technology should focus on the development of 1∶1 physical simulation device for disease and hidden danger map of termite nest development stages,the development of termite nest detection equipment and forward and inverse algorithms adapted to dam terrain,and the construction of a regular inspection system for dam termite damage and time-lapse resistivity monitoring system.