基于HS-SPME-GC-MS分析不同茶树品种川红工夫红茶香气差异

Differences in Aroma of Chuanhong Congou Black Tea of Different Tea Plant Varieties Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis

选取宜宾境内种植的‘四川中小叶群体’‘福鼎大白’‘福云6号’‘名山131’‘青心乌龙’‘天府5号’和‘天府6号’共7个茶树品种加工制成川红工夫红茶,通过感官审评、电子鼻(E-nose)、顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)、香气活度值(Odor activity value,OAV)和偏最小二乘判别分析(Partial least squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)分析不同茶树品种鲜叶所制川红工夫红茶的关键差异香气化合物。结果表明,7个茶树品种鲜叶制成的红茶均表现为甜香,‘四川中小叶群体’稍带果香,评分最高;共检出84种挥发性香气化合物,醇类29种、醛类12种、酯类15种、烯类12种、酸类7种、酮类5种和4种其它碳氢化合物;7个样品中共有的香气化合物有14种,且不同样品间香气成分含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05);共筛选出28种川红工夫红茶的主要呈香化合物(OAV>1);不同茶树品种红茶样本中鉴定出8个关键差异香气化合物,分别是香叶醇、芳樟醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、苯乙烯、2-己烯醛、(E)-芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)和柠檬醛。综上所述,由不同茶树品种鲜叶加工制成的川红工夫红茶香气物质种类和含量相差较大,研究结果可为筛选川红工夫红茶适制茶树品种提供参考。

Chuanhong congou black tea was made from seven tea plant species that were grown in Yibin,including‘Sichuan Medium and Small Leaf Group Species'‘Fuding Dabai'‘Fuyun 6'‘Mingshan 131'‘Qingxin Oolong'‘Tianfu 5'and‘Tianfu 6'.The main differentiating ingredients in Chuanhong congou black tea,which was produced from the fresh leaves of several tea plant species,were examined using sensory evaluation,electronic nose(E-nose),headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS),odor activity value(OAV),and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).The findings indicated that the black tea derived from the fresh leaves of the seven different tea kinds was sweet,with the‘Sichuan Medium and Small Leaf Group Species'scoring the highest and having a little fruity flavor.A total of 84 volatile aroma compounds,including 29 alcohols,12 aldehydes,15 esters,12 alkenes,7 acids,5 ketones and 4 other hydrocarbons were found.There were 14 kinds of common aroma compounds in the 7 samples,and the contents of aroma compounds were significantly different among different samples(P<0.05).A total of 28 kinds of main aromatic compounds of Chuanhong cougou black tea were screened(OAV>1).Eight key differential aroma compounds were identified in the black tea samples of different tea plant varieties,including geraniol,linalool,methyl salicylate,phenylethanol,styrene,2-hexenal,(E)-linalool oxide(furan-type)and citral.In summary,the types and contents of aroma substances of Chuanhong cougou black tea made from fresh leaves of different tea plant varieties differ greatly.The study results can provide reference for selecting suitable tea plant varieties for Chuanhong cougou black tea.