数字技术的司法应用:时空局限性的突破及其规制

The Judicial Application of Digital Technology:Breaking Through Spatial and Temporal Limitation and Its Regulation

数字技术在司法中的应用,实现了对时间与空间局限性的突破。犯罪行为已经率先借助数字技术实现远程、跨境的不接触犯罪,这种犯罪形态为公安司法机关侦查取证、诉讼证明和追赃挽损带来难题。数字技术对于司法时空局限性的突破,还影响到审判公开原则的适用范围、直接言词原则的实践状况,以及远程提审、律师会见、开庭审判的“到庭”概念、诉讼可视化等的方式或内涵。不仅如此,数字技术应用也带来一些隐忧,实体意义上的法庭是否会萎缩、消失,法官功能是否会被智能机器人取代,成为越来越不能回避的话题。数字技术的初步应用,如网上开庭与网络直播庭审,固然有其各自的优势,但也都有一定的弊端,针对这些弊端,需要以一定的原则、制度、规则加以规制,非必要不实行网上开庭以及实行有限的网络庭审直播等,应当是我国当前刑事司法的应对措施。

The application of digital technology in the judicial field has achieved a breakthrough in the limitations of time and space.Criminal acts have taken the lead in realizing remote and cross-border non-contact crimes with the help of digital technology,which brings difficulties for public security and judicial organs in investigation and evidence collection,lawsuit proving and booty recovery.The breakthrough of digital technology for the limitation of judicial time and space also affects its scope of application of the principle of open trial,the practice conditions of the principle of presence and verbal argument,and the way or connotation of remote arraignment,lawyer meeting,the concept of"appearance in court"of trial activity,and lawsuit visualization.Not only that,the application of digital technology also brings some hidden worries.Whether the court in the physical sense will shrink and disappear and whether the function of judge will be replaced by intelligent robots,have become increasingly unavoidable topics.Although the preliminary application of digital technology,such as online trial and online live trial,has its own advantages,it still has certain drawbacks.To solve them,certain principles,systems,and rules need to be used for regulation.No online sessions unless necessary and limited online live trials should be the appropriate response measures of current criminal justice in our nation.