细胞外囊泡在神经退行性疾病中的作用

The role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases

神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative diseases,NDs)是以神经元进行性丢失和致病蛋白在大脑中异常积累和聚集为特征的疾病,包括阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)、帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)和肌萎缩侧索硬化症(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)。NDs早期症状不明显,诊断困难,且缺乏有效生物标志物和治疗措施。最近的研究表明,与这些疾病相关的蛋白质可以通过细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)在细胞间分泌和转移。EVs广泛存在于各种体液,可以穿过血脑屏障等各种生物屏障,被视为诊断和预后生物标志物的优先选择。本文简要介绍了EVs的生物发生和功能,并探讨了其在NDs中的作用。

Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)are characterized by progressive loss of neurons and abnormal accumulation and aggregation of disease-causing proteins in the brain,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),Parkinson's disease(PD),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Early symptoms of NDs are not obvious for diagnosis,and effective biomarkers and therapeutic measures are lacking.Recent studies have shown that proteins associated with these diseases can be secreted and transferred between cells via extracellular vesicles(EVs).EVs are widely distributed in body fluids,which can cross various biological barriers such as the blood-brain barrier,and are considered as preferred biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.This paper briefly introduces the biogenesis and function of EVs,and discusses their role in NDs.