汉语伴随义副词“一X”的类型、来源及演变

The categorization,source and evolution of comitative adverbs"yi X(-X)"

汉语中表达伴随义的语法手段主要有介词和副词,本文重点考察形式为“一X”的伴随义副词。根据构成语素X的意义,可将其分为三类:1)群体类“一起、一堆”等;2)处所类“一处、一道”等;3)同一类“一齐、一同”等。基于汉语史及方言的语言事实,本文详细考察了这三类成员的来源及使用情况,归纳出三类成员的四种演变路径。在此基础上,我们总结出三类伴随义副词在源结构、形成方式、演变路径等方面的殊相与共相,并验证、丰富了世界语言中以“伴随”为目标域的语法化路径。

Comitatives are mainly expressed by prepositions and adverbs in Chinese.The paper focuses on adverbs in the form of"yi X(-X)"and proposes that comitative adverbs"yi X"can be categorized into three types in light of their connotation:1)CROUP,such as yiqi(一起,"one-CL")and yidui(一堆,"one-pile");2)LOCATION,such as yichu(一处,"one-place")and yidao(一道,"one-path");3)SAMENESS,such as yiqi(一齐,"one-unified")and yitong(一同,"one-same").Based on diachronic research and studies on Chinese dialects,the paper observes four different paths of development of these"yi X"adverbs and discusses their commonalities and peculiarities which can verify and enrich current studies on the grammaticalization of comitatives in world languages.