生态系统服务与人类福祉关系的研究框架、途径与方法

Frameworks,approaches,and methods for studying the relationship between ecosystem services and human wellbeing

生态系统服务与人类福祉的关系是可持续发展研究与实践的核心问题,近年来研究颇多,但缺乏对相关研究框架与方法的系统梳理。基于文献回顾,系统总结了二者关系的研究框架和分析途径,并提出了未来的发展方向。目前生态系统服务与人类福祉的研究框架大致分为四类,包括权力和能力方法类、驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应框架类、千年生态系统评估框架类和生态系统服务级联框架类。四类框架的起源、要素构成和适用场景不同,但构建逻辑和内在假设存在相似之处。常用的生态系统服务与人类福祉关系的分析方法可归纳为直接评价法、统计分析法、模型模拟法和定性评估法。未来有必要更新生态系统服务与人类福祉关系的研究框架,基于机器学习等最新手段创新二者关系的研究方法,以及建立生态系统服务与人类福祉的指标选择与应用规范等,从而更好地促进对生态系统服务与人类福祉关系特征和作用机制的理解。

The relationship between ecosystem services(ES)and human well-being(HWB)is a central issue in the science and practice of sustainable development,and numerous studies have mushroomed in recent decades.However,the diverse frameworks,approaches,and methods used in studying the ES-HWB relationship have rarely been reviewed systematically.Thus,here we provide an overview of the research frameworks,approaches,and methods for studying the ES-HWB relationship.In addition,we discuss future research directions.Our review shows that research frameworks for studying the ES-HWB relationship can be classified into four types,including frameworks related to the Entitlement and Capacity Approach,the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework,the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework,and the Ecosystem Services Cascade framework.The four types of frameworks differ in their origins,core elements,and application scenarios,but show similarities in their construction logic and inherent assumptions.Methods for analyzing the ES-HWB relationship can be categorized as direct valuation,statistical analysis,model simulation,and qualitative assessment.To facilitate ES and HWB relationship research,future studies need to update the research framework,innovate research methods based on the recently developed method(e.g.,machine learning),and develop coherent guidelines for indicator selection and quantification.