改地降本:农田宜机化视角下的农机化成本效率分析——基于空间计量模型的实证研究

Farmland transformation to reduce costs:An empirical analysis of the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization from the perspective of the level of farmland suitability for agricultural machinery operations based on spatial econometric models

农机化成本效率是衡量农业机械化生产成本高低的重要标准,而农田宜机化程度是影响农机效率的重要因素。为探究农田宜机化水平对农机化成本效率的影响,采用数据包络分析法中的Cost-C、CCR模型测算农机化成本效率及其构成,并构建空间杜宾实证模型,利用2004—2020年省级面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)中国大多数地区农机化成本效率不高,特别是丘陵地区成本效率较低。(2)代表农田宜机化水平的劳均农田面积和农田平整度的两个指标对农机作业的技术效率和资源配置效率均产生显著的正向影响,进而显著正向影响了农机化成本效率。本地区的劳均农田面积每增加1 hm^(2),其农机化成本效率将在原有基础上增加0.695;6度以下耕地面积占比每提升1个百分点,其农机化成本效率将比原先增加0.009。(3)农田宜机化水平具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,即由于跨区作业的存在,邻近地区农田宜机化水平的提升也将提升本地区农机化成本效率。

The cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization is an important standard for measuring the production cost of agricultural mechanization,and the level of farmland suitability for agricultural machinery operations(FSAM)is a key factor affecting the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization.To explore the impact of the level of FSAM on the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization,this study uses the Cost-C and CCR model in data envelopment analysis to calculate the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization and its composition and constructs a spatial Durbin empirical model using provincial panel data from 2004 to 2020 for empirical analysis.The results show that:firstly,the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization is not high in most provincial-level regions of China,especially in hilly areas.Secondly,the two indicators representing the level of FSAM,namely the average labor area of farmland and the flatness of farmland,have a significant positive impact on the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of agricultural machinery operations,thereby significantly affecting the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization.For every 1 hectare per capita increase in arable land area,the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization will increase by 0.695.For every 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of arable land with a slope below 6 degrees,the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization will increase by 0.009 compared to the original situation.Thirdly,the level of FSAM in neighboring provincial-level regions has a significant positive spatial spillover effect.Due to cross-regional operations,the improvement of the level of FSAM in neighboring provincial-level regions can also enhance the cost efficiency of agricultural mechanization in this region.