煤矿矿井水处理技术现状与展望

Current situation and prospect of coal mine water treatment technology

煤矿矿井水是重要的非常规水源,矿井水的资源化利用对缓解矿区水资源短缺和环境保护具有重要意义。分析了矿井水的来源和水质特点,综述了含悬浮物、高矿化度、酸性和含特殊污染物等不同类型矿井水的主要处理技术,总结了各处理技术的特点和存在问题。大部分矿井水都含有一定量悬浮物,且水质水量变化较大,应着力提高井下水仓和地面调节池的预沉作用,开发和完善矿井水井下处理技术,结合自动化、智能化,实现无人值守;随高矿化度矿井水数量不断增加,其处理技术已成为矿井水处理领域的研究重点,应强化预处理,开发高效除硅除硬技术,引入能量回收装置,结合新能源和可再生能源开发绿色节能耦合脱盐技术,整体优化零排放工艺,降低浓盐废水处理成本;酸性和含特殊污染物矿井水是目前矿井水处理中的难点,应采取分布式高效定向处理技术,探索耦合工艺和自然修复治理。在国家政策引领下,矿井水处理技术将朝着更加节能、高效、智能和环保的方向发展。

Coal mine water is an important unconventional water source,and the resource utilization of mine water is of great significance in alleviating water scarcity and environmental protection in mining areas.This paper analyzed the source and water quality characteristics of mine water,and summarized the main treatment technologies of different types of mine water such as suspended solids,high salinity,acidity and special pollutants,as well as the characteristics and existing problems of each treatment technology.The majority of mine water contained a significant amount of suspended solids,with considerable fluctuations in both water quality and quantity.Efforts should be focused on enhancing the presettling capabilities of both underground water storage facilities and surface regulating reservoirs,developing and improving underground treatment technology for mining wells,and combining automation and intelligence to achieve unmanned operation.With the continuous increase of highly salinity mine water,its treatment technology had become a research focus in the field of mine water treatment.It was necessary to strengthen pretreatment,develop efficient technologies to remove silicon and hardness,introduce energy recovery devices,combine new and renewable energy to develop green and energy-saving coupling desalination technology,optimize the zero discharge process as a whole,and reduce the treatment cost of concentrated salt wastewater.Acidity and special pollution were currently the difficulties in mine water treatment,distributed and efficient directional processing technology should be adopted to explore the coupling processes and natural restoration governance.Guided by national policies,mining water treatment technology will develop towards being more energy-saving,highly effective,intelligent,and environmentally friendly.