厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥形成的研究进展

Review on the formation of Anammox granular sludge

作为新型脱氮工艺,厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)具有节能减排、无需外加碳源等优点,在处理低C/N废水领域具有极高的应用价值,但在实际应用过程中因存在污泥流失问题,该工艺难以快速启动。投加成熟的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥(AnGS)是攻克上述难题的有效途径。对AnGS的形成过程、机理及影响因素进行综述,归纳总结AnGS快速培养的相关技术问题。介绍了AnGS的形成假说及基于各类假说的相关研究成果;阐述了AnGS的结构特征和微生物群落特征,总结分析了厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)同AnGS之间的关系;分析了接种污泥类型、反应器类型、氮负荷率、有机物浓度、群体感应、外力作用等因素对AnGS形成的影响;介绍了AnGS的上浮现象,分析讨论了AnGS上浮与氮负荷率及颗粒污泥气体通道的关系;总结了现阶段AnGS技术存在的问题,并对AnGS的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为大规模工业化形成AnGS提供参考。

As a new nitrogen removal technology,Anammox has the advantages of energy conservation,emission re⁃duction and no additional carbon source.The Anammox technology has great application value in the treatment of wastewater with low C/N.However,Anammox can not be quickly started up due to sludge loss in the practical appli⁃cation.Adding mature Anammox granular sludge(AnGS)is an effective way to overcome the above-mentioned chal⁃lenges.The formation process,mechanism and influencing factors of AnGS were introduced,and the technical is⁃sues related to the rapid cultivation of AnGS were summarized.The models of AnGS formation and related re⁃searches based on various models were explored.The structural characteristics and microbial community character⁃istics of AnGS were introduced.The relationship between anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AnAOB)and AnGS was elucidated.The effects of inoculation sludge type,reactor type,nitrogen loading rate,organic concentration,quo⁃rum sensing,and external forces on the formation of AnGS were analyzed.The phenomenon of AnGS floating was in⁃troduced.The relationship between AnGS floating and nitrogen loading rate,bubble was analyzed and discussed.The current issues with AnGS technology were summarized and the research direction on AnGS was prospected.The purpose was to provide reference for the formation of AnGS in full-scale industrialization.