诱导结晶法回收磷的影响因素及应用研究进展

Research on influencing factors and application of phosphorus recovery by induced crystallization method

随着社会经济的发展和人类频繁的工业活动,磷逐渐从磷矿石转变为磷酸盐进入水体,废水中磷的存在会导致水体污染和富营养化。由于磷酸盐岩体消耗量不断增加,磷矿资源逐渐成为一种稀缺资源,磷的回收再利用具有重大意义,而含磷废水被认为是一种潜在的磷回收源。借用反应器的诱导结晶法具有设计简单、操作简便、回收效率高、对环境影响小等优点,是一种理想的磷回收方法。首先从动力学和热力学角度简要描述了诱导结晶法的原理,其次分析了羟基磷灰石(HAP)和鸟粪石(MAP)两种常用的诱导结晶法回收磷的影响因素,包括过饱和度、酸碱度(pH)、离子物质的量比、水力停留时间(HRT)、上升流速以及反应器类型等,再次介绍了两种诱导结晶法在实际回收磷领域的应用,最后对诱导结晶法回收利用磷资源的发展前景及工艺应用条件优化进行了展望。

With the development of economy and frequent industrial activities by humans,phosphorus is gradually transformed from phosphate ore to phosphate and into water bodies.The presence of phosphorus in wastewater can lead to water pollution and eutrophication.Moreover,due to the increasing consumption of phosphate rock,phos⁃phate ore resources have gradually become a scarce resource.Therefore,the recycling and reuse of phosphorus re⁃sources is of great significance,and phosphorus containing wastewater is considered a potential source for phospho⁃rus recovery.The induced crystallization method using a reactor for phosphorus resource recovery has the advan⁃tages of simple design,easy operation,high recovery efficiency,and minimal environmental impact,which makes it an ideal phosphorus recovery method.Firstly,the principle of induced crystallization method was briefly described from the perspectives of kinetics and thermodynamics.Secondly,the influencing factors of two commonly used in⁃duced crystallization methods,hydroxyapatite(HAP)and microbially available phosphorus(MAP),for phosphorus re⁃covery were analyzed,including supersaturation,pH,ion ratio,hydraulic retention time(HRT),rising flow rate,and reactor type.Thirdly,the application of the two induced crystallization methods in the actual field of phosphorus re⁃covery was introduced.Finally,the development prospects and optimization of process application conditions for the recovery and utilization of phosphorus resources by induced crystallization method were discussed.