博物馆展陈材料环境安全性评价研究综述

A Review of the Environmental Security Evaluation of Museum Exhibition Materials

博物馆文物在展览过程中直接暴露于展陈环境中,展陈材料的环境安全性对文物安全十分重要。长期应用于文物保护领域的Oddy法及其改进方法对博物馆展陈材料的筛选提供了1种方式,但其测试方法和应用范围存在一定的局限性;建筑材料和室内环境领域针对室内材料污染物的检测方法和标准相对成熟,且基于材料污染物散发机理建立了室内环境空气质量评估模型,对博物馆展陈环境污染物研究具有重要参考价值。本文通过对不同领域的现有方法(Oddy法及其改进方法、建材污染物检测方法、污染物散发模型)及研究进展进行综述,分析了其应用于博物馆展陈材料环境安全性评价的可行性、适用性和局限性,提出了博物馆展陈材料环境全性评价方法的优化思路,以及未来研究和发展的相关建议。

Cultural relics are exposed to the environmental air directly when exhibited in museums. Therefore, the environmental security of exhibition materials is crucial for the security of cultural relics. Oddy test and its improved methods have been applied in the preservation of cultural relics for a long time, which provides a way to select exhibition materials. However, there are some limitations to their testing method and application scope. The methods and standards for the testing of the pollutants from indoor building materials have been well developed. Meanwhile, several models based on pollutant emitting mechanisms have been established to evaluate the indoor air quality, which will provide valuable relevance for studying pollutant evaluation in the exhibition environment. In this study, the research advances on the existing methods in different fields, including Oddy test and its improving methods, testing methods of pollutants from building materials and their emitting models, were reviewed. The feasibility, applicability, and limitations of the application in evaluating environmental security of museum exhibition materials were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the optimization approaches of testing methods and the development of future studies in this filed were proposed.