应激对小胶质细胞结构与功能的影响

Effects of stress on the structure and function of microglia

应激源的刺激会引起机体稳态失衡并导致应激激素释放,包括肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和糖皮质激素。小胶质细胞是脑实质中的组织驻留巨噬细胞。越来越多的证据表明,应激对小胶质细胞也有着深远的影响,应激后的小胶质细胞出现显著的形态学激活,吞噬能力改变。小胶质细胞表达多种受体,使得它们能够对来自中枢和外周的应激激素做出响应,发挥促炎/抗炎作用。本文就暴露于应激源改变小胶质细胞结构与功能的研究进展作一综述,并进一步阐明应激激素在这些应激源对小胶质细胞影响中的作用。

The activation of stressors can disrupt the body’s homeostasis,leading to the release of stress hormones such as epinephrine,noradrenaline,and glucocorticoids.Moreover,emerging evidence highlights the profound impact of stress on microglia,which are specialized macrophages residing in the brain’s parenchyma.Following stress,microglia exhibit notable morphological activation and increased phagocytic activity.Microglia express various receptors that enable them to respond to stress hormones originating from both central and peripheral sources,thereby exerting pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects.In this article,we review the advancements in studying the structural and functional changes of microglia induced by exposure to stressors.Additionally,we explore the role of stress hormones in mediating the effects of these stressors on microglia.