当代西方生态民主的理论与争论

Theories and Debates on Contemporary Western Eco-Democracy

20世纪末,面对越来越严峻的生态问题,主张用民主方式解决生态环境问题的生态民主理论在西方广泛兴起。生态民主理论提出了自然中心主义,拓展了生态权利,并提出了生态价值优先的诉求,但也面临生态民主主体拓展、生态权利延伸和生态价值选择等困境。当代西方学术界围绕这些困境进行了广泛的争论。生态民主在理论和实践中形成了生态自由民主、生态协商民主、生态社群民主等模式,对当代西方的生态文明和政治文明的理论与实践产生了重要影响。

In the face of increasingly serious ecological problems,the theory of eco-democracy,which advocates for the use of democracy to solve ecological and environmental issues,emerged in the West at the end of the 2Oth century.The theory of eco-democracy puts forward nature-centrism,expands ecological rights,and puts forward the claim of prioritizing ecological values,but it also faces the dilemma in the fields of eco-democracy subjects expanding,extension of ecological rights and ecological values selection.Contemporary Western academics have engaged in extensive debates around these dilemmas.Eco-democracy has developed in theory and practice such models as eco-liberal democracy,eco-deliberative democracy,and eco-community democracy,which have had an important impact on the theory and practice of ecological and political civilization in the contemporary West.