胡适与中美《桐油借款合约》考析——基于哥大藏陈光甫文件与胡适日记的比较研究

Hu Shi and the Sino-American“Wood Oil Loan Contract”--A Comparative Study Based on Kwang Pu Chen’s Documents and Hu Shi’s Diaries

通过哥伦比亚大学藏陈光甫文件与现存胡适日记的比较,查明具体史事,考析胡适日记的“缺失”内容,可知胡适尽管并未直接参与中美桐油借款谈判,但在关键时刻与陈光甫精诚合作,在策略制定上提供辅助和给予支持,并间接推动美国国务院对借款政策的调整和转变,为借款谈判的成功发挥了独特作用。进一步而言,中美桐油借款谈判实际上体现了国民政府对美国外交双轨并行的策略,即实行双代表体制。这一体制缘于美国政府内部对华政策的分歧,特别是联邦财政部与国务院在对华援助上的不同立场。在双代表体制下,国民政府“舍外交部而就财部”,通过陈光甫与胡适的共同努力,最终突破了美国政府内部的分歧,推动《桐油借款合约》的达成。

By comparing Kwang Pu Chen’s documents archived by Columbia University with the existing diaries of Hu Shi,this paper finds out the specific historical events and examines the“missing”contents of Hu Shi’s diaries.On this basis,this paper proposes that although Hu Shi did not directly participate in the negotiation of the Sino-American wood oil loan,he cooperated closely with Chen at a critical moment,provided assistance and support in the formulation of strategies,and indirectly promoted the adjustment and transformation of the US State Department,which played a unique role in the success of the loan negotiations.Furthermore,the wood oil loan negotiations actually reflected the dual-track parallel strategy of the National Government’s diplomacy with the United States,the dual-representative system.This system was due to the divergence of US government’s policy to China,especially the different positions of the Federal Treasury Department and the State Department on aid to China.Under the dual-representative system,the National Government focused on the Federal Treasury Department rather than the State Department.Through the joint efforts of Kwang Pu Chen and Hu Shi,finally the National Government broke through the divisions within the US government and promoted the conclusion of the“Wood Oil Loan Contract”.