1942年国民政府对罗斯福总统特使威尔基访华的因应

The National Government’s Response to President Roosevelt’s Envoy Wendell Willkie’s Visit to China in 1942

1942年,蒋介石对原美国共和党总统候选人温德尔·威尔基访华的态度,经历从拒绝到谨慎邀请再到积极欢迎的变化过程,这与居里第二次访华后,美国政府对华决策的变化几乎同步。出于对美国军事援华与印度独立的重视,国民政府迎接威尔基访华即是对居里访华未竟问题的延续。但经孔祥熙、王世杰为核心的国防最高委员会常务会议多次会商,形成的《对威尔基谈话时应注意之问题与要点的拟议》并未涉及上述问题。威尔基在会谈中主动抛出军援与印度问题,反令蒋介石措手不及。威尔基访华并未达成实质性成果,这既有“总统特使”与美国驻华使馆之间摩擦的因素,又与国民政府高层准备不力相关。

In 1942,Chiang Kai-shek’s attitude towards the former Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie’s visit to China went through a process of rejection,cautious invitation,and positive welcome,which was almost synchronous with the changes in the US government’s decision-making towards China after Lauchlin Currie’s second visit to China.Due to the importance attached to the US military aid to China and the independence of India,the National Government’s welcome of Wilkie’s visit to China was a continuation of the unfinished issue of Currie’s visit to China.However,after multiple consultations at the executive meeting of the National Defense Supreme Committee with K’ung Hsiang-hsi and Wang Shih-chieh as the core,the proposed“Issues and Key Points to be Considered in Wilkie’s Talks”did not address the above-mentioned issues.During the talks,Wilkie took the initiative to raise the issue of military aid and India,which caught Chiang Kai-shek off guard.Wilkie’s visit to China did not achieve substantial results,which was due to the friction between the“presidential envoy”and the US embassy in China,as well as the inadequate preparation of the high-level officials of the National Government.