谁上了民办学校:家庭经济条件与义务教育阶段择校

Who Chooses Private Schools? Family Economic Conditions and School Choices

全球范围内民办教育的高速发展产生了复杂影响。它一方面满足了不同群体的教育需求,另一方面也可能因家庭选择而扩大社会分层。为厘清现阶段我国民办学校的功能,本文利用2017年和2019年中国教育财政家庭调查和中国家庭金融调查数据,探讨了家庭经济条件如何影响义务教育阶段择校。本文发现,家庭经济条件与义务教育阶段的民办学校选择存在非线性关系,低收入/财富家庭和高收入/财富家庭均存在较高的民办学校参与率。其中,低收费民办学校满足了经济条件较差家庭的超额需求,高评价民办学校满足了经济条件较好家庭的差异需求。此外,家庭经济条件对民办学校选择的影响集中在高文化资本、女生和初中学段家庭,以及民办学校办学经费较高的地区。本文的发现有助于理解家庭经济条件如何塑造学校选择,也有助于优化民办学校治理的相关政策。

The expansion of private schools satisfies the excess demand of vulnerable groups;however,it may cause social stratification due to school sorting based on income.Using the data from 2017 and 2019 China Education Finance Household Survey and China Family Finance Survey,this paper explores whether and how family economic conditions affect the choice of private schooling in the stage of compulsory education.The study finds a nonlinear relationship between family economic conditions and private school choice.Further discussion shows that low-fee private schools meet the excess demand of families with poor economic conditions and the differentiated demand of families with better economic conditions.The findings help us understand how family economic conditions shape school choices and how to optimize relevant policies for private school governance.