人类健康增龄的发生机制——来自长寿人群的研究证据

The mechanism of human healthy aging:Research evidence from long-lived populations

全球人口老龄化对改善老年人健康和预防老年疾病提出了新挑战和新要求。长寿人群,由于其寿命长且一定程度上延缓了罹患疾病过程,甚至规避了一些重大老年疾病风险,成为研究人类健康增龄的绝佳自然模型。通过系统研究长寿人群,揭示其潜在的健康增龄保护机制和相关调控因子,对于研发延缓衰老和预防增龄相关疾病的手段具有重要的指导意义。本综述介绍了长寿人群的研究价值,并概述了近年来基于长寿人群的研究在揭示健康增龄生物学基础方面取得的进展,特别是多组学技术在识别长寿相关基因和分子途径中的应用。此外,讨论了该领域未来研究的方向,包括纵向追踪研究、多组学数据整合等方面,旨在为延长人类寿命和提高老年人生活质量提供新的科学依据。

The global population aging poses new challenges and requirements for improving health and preventing agerelated diseases in older people.Long-lived individuals,due to their extended lifespans and ability to delay or even evade major age-related diseases,serve as exceptional natural models for studying healthy aging in humans.Through systematic research on long-lived populations,uncovering their potential mechanisms for healthy aging protection and related regulatory factors is crucial for developing strategies to delay aging and prevent age-related diseases.This review discusses the scientific value of long-lived populations,and summarizes recent advances in elucidating the biological basis of healthy aging based on the studies of these populations,particularly the application of multi-omics technologies in identifying genes and molecular pathways associated with longevity.Moreover,further research directions in this field are discussed,including longitudinal tracking studies and integration of multi-omics data,aiming to provide new scientific foundations for extending human lifespan and improving quality of life in old age.