数据权的法律界定与权能构建——基于数据纠纷典型裁判案例分析

Legal Definition and Power Configuration of Data Rights:An Analysis Based on Typical Judicial Cases of Data Disputes

数据产业实践所显现出的数据不能交易和数据商不敢交易之现实难题,要求尽快建立行之有效的数据权利规则。学术界对数据法律概念的内涵和外延仍存在很大分歧,但实践中数据交易需求正蓄势而发,数据司法保护实践如火如荼。对于数据权的构建,通过观察数据纠纷的司法裁判实况以研究数据权的构建是一个优选路径。数据权的构建首先应当将数据和信息清晰厘清,其次基于司法实务进一步限定数据的内涵和外延,最后根据归纳的数据特征结合现有相关法律规制体系建立数据的权利规则。数据权应当包含整体数据的数据署名权、数据完整权、数据处理权以及个体数据的可携带权和数据安全权。

The practical challenges faced by the data industry,manifested in the inability to facilitate data trade and vendors'reluctance to engage in data transactions,necessitate the urgent establishment of effective data rights regulations.Despite significant academic disagreements regarding the connotations and denotations of legal concepts pertaining to data,the demand for transactions within the data industry and the judicial protection of data practices has become an increasingly pressing necessity.An examination of judicial practices involving data disputes can serve as an optimal approach to constructing a framework for data rights.This construction process involves,firstly,a clear differentiation between data and information,followed by a further delineation of the connotations and denotations of data based on judicial precedents,and finally,the establishment of a rights framework for data that aligns with the characteristics of data and adheres to existing relevant legal regulations.Data rights should encompass rights related to data authorship,data integrity,data processing,as well as portability and security rights for individual data.