人工智能助力实现“双碳”目标:新质生产力视角下的机制与对策

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Achieve Dual Carbon Goals:Mechanisms and Strategies from the Perspective of New Quality Productivity

新质生产力将以强大动能推动发展方式绿色转型,助力实现“双碳”目标。人工智能的应用是新质生产力赋能“双碳”目标的重要体现。人工智能将推动低碳技术要素的升级变革,促进相关知识要素的丰富发展,纳入并发挥数据作为新型生产要素的关键作用,促进生产要素的优化组合、协同配置。当前,使用人工智能助力实现“双碳”目标面临潜在挑战,如计算密集型人工智能导致相关碳排放迅速增长、数据要素的流通渠道不畅、数据伦理问题尚未得到高度重视、部分关键人工智能技术仍与国际领先水平存在差距、存在一定的“产-学-研”链条脱节风险等。因此,需要推进计算密集型人工智能绿色化,加强相关排放的检测与核算;加快建设数据要素市场,统筹考虑数据流通与数据安全;建立并完善数据伦理相关标准规范和审查机制;加快推进关键人工智能技术的研究攻关;着力推进“AI+双碳”的成果转化与产业应用。

New quality productivity will drive the green transformation of development models with strong momentum,contributing to the achievement of dual carbon goals.The application of artificial intelligence(AI)is a significant manifestation of new quality productivity empowering these goals.AI will drive the upgrading and transformation of low-carbon technology elements,promote the rich development of related knowledge elements,and incorporate and enhance the key role of data as a new production factor,facilitating the optimal combination and collaborative configuration of production factors.Currently,leveraging AI to achieve dual carbon goals faces potential challenges,such as the rapid increase in carbon emissions from computation-intensive AI,inefficient data flow channels,insufficient attention to data ethics issues,discrepancies between some key AI technologies and international leading levels,and risks of disconnection in the“industry-university-research”chain.Therefore,it is necessary to advance the greening of computation-intensive AI,strengthen the detection and accounting of related emissions;expedite the construction of data factor markets,and consider both data flow and data security;establish and improve standards,norms,and review mechanisms related to data ethics;accelerate research and breakthroughs in key AI technologies;and focus on the transformation and industrial application of“AI+dual carbon”achievements.