延迟退休背景下老龄政策建设,何以可为?——基于积极老龄化政策框架三个维度的探讨

What Can Be Done for the Construction of Aging Policies under the Background of Delayed Retirement?——A Discussion Based on Three Dimensions of the Active Aging Policy Framework

以积极老龄化政策框架考察我国老龄政策,发现其仍有进一步完善的空间。在健康维度,健康服务与保障政策都缺乏有效调动个人加强健康管理、应对健康风险的积极性;在参与维度,新出台的《国务院关于渐进式延迟法定退休年龄的办法》(以下简称《办法》)尚需加强配套政策措施建设,老龄参与政策体系还有很大完善空间;在保障维度,养老保险财务模式不适应人口老龄化趋势,养老服务则面临对人力吸引力不足的困境。为此,需要顺应建设健康中国战略方向,推进基本医疗保险向健康保险转型升级,并优化风险分散方式,助推个人加强健康管理;尽快完善《办法》的配套政策措施,推进老龄参与政策体系全面建设;养老保险制度须加强长寿风险的纵向分散,养老服务供给应充分利用科技进步带来的有利条件,缓解人力困境。

Examining China's aging policies through the framework of active aging reveals areas needing further improvement.In the health dimension,both health services and protection policies lack effective measures to motivate individuals to engage in proactive health management and address health risks.In the participation dimension,the newly introduced method of gradually delaying the statutory retirement age still needs to strengthen the supporting policy measures,indicating substantial room for enhancement in the aging participation policy system.In the security dimension,the financial model of pension insurance does not align with the trends of population aging,and pension services face challenges related to insufficient attractiveness to the workforce.To address these issues,it is necessary to align with the strategic direction of building a healthy China by advancing the transformation of basic medical insurance into health insurance,optimizing risk dispersion methods to encourage personal health management;strengthening the vertical dispersion of longevity risks within the pension insurance system,and leveraging technological advancements to alleviate workforce challenges in pension services.