人工种植牙相关口腔微生物变化与围手术期护理

The changes of dental implants related oral microbiota and perioperative nursing care

种植术区的微生物引起的感染是导致种植体早期失败的一个重要原因。口腔微生物一方面可以随着唾液等迁移至种植术区,引起局部感染;另一方面,也可以通过创口入侵循环系统,引起短暂的菌血症,严重者甚至可以出现心内膜炎等全身性病变。口腔含有大量的微生物,而种植手术绝大部分在门诊完成,如何降低种植术区病原微生物至关重要。尽管难以达到无菌状态,种植手术通过严格的无菌操作和适当的术前术后护理,可以最大程度地减少并发症的风险。同时,通过分析微生物学,针对性选择抗生素、完善围手术期护理,能够进一步优化治疗效果,提高种植体的成功率。

Infection of the dental implant surgery area caused by microbe is an important reason for early failure of dental implants.On the one hand,oral microbe can migrate to the surgery area with saliva and cause localized infection.On the other hand,it can also cause transient bacteremia by entering the circulatory system,and even lead to systemic diseases such as endocarditis in severe cases.The oral cavity contains a large number of microorganisms,and most of the dental implant surgeries are performed in the outpatient department,reducing pathogenic microorganisms in the implantation area is crucial.Although achieving a completely sterile environment is challenging,strict aseptic procedures and appropriate pre-and post-operative care can minimize the risk of complications.Additionally,by analyzing microbiology,selecting targeted antibiotics,and improving perioperative care,the treatment outcomes can be further optimized,thereby increasing the success rate of implants.