磷酸吡哆醛依赖型酶的研究进展及其应用

Recent advances in pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes and their applications

磷酸吡哆醛(pyridoxalphosphate,PLP)作为维生素B6的活性形式,是多种酶促反应中的重要辅因子。磷酸吡哆醛依赖型酶能够催化多种化学反应,如消旋、脱羧、β-加成、β-消除、反羟醛裂解、转氨和α-消除等多种化学反应,是生物法合成多种天然氨基酸、非天然氨基酸及其相关化合物的有力工具。本文以ω-转氨酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、苏氨酸醛缩酶、L-酪氨酸酚解酶等典型PLP依赖型酶为例,分析了这些酶的结构特征与催化机理,总结了它们的分子改造研究进展以及在工业生产中的应用。最后,本文对磷酸吡哆醛依赖型酶的未来发展进行了展望,包括PLP辅因子的体内再生系统及工业应用等,讨论了这些酶在生物催化应用中的巨大潜力。

Pyridoxal phosphate(PLP),the active form of vitamin B6,is an important coenzyme in various enzyme-catalyzed reactions. PLP-dependent enzymes can catalyze a variety of chemical reactions, such as racemization, decarboxylation, β-addition, β-elimination, retro-aldol cleavage, transamination, and α-elimination. They are biologically synthesized a powerful tool for a variety of natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids and their related compounds. This article details the structural features and catalytic mechanisms of typical PLP-dependent enzymes such as ω-transaminase, lysine decarboxylase, threonine aldolase, and L-tyrosine phenol-lyase, and reviews the research progress in molecular modification and industrial applications of these enzymes. Finally, this article provides an outlook on the future development of PLP-dependent enzymes, including in vivo regeneration system and industrial applications of PLP cofactors, and discusses the tremendous potential of these enzymes in biocatalytic applications.