利用大肠杆菌合成3′-和6′-唾液酸乳糖的研究进展

Research progress in the synthesis of 3′-and 6′-sialactose by Escherichia coli

人乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)是母乳中一类结构复杂的聚糖,其作为母乳中的第三大固体成分,在婴幼儿肠道健康和免疫系统发育中具有重要作用。其中,唾液酸化的HMOs是主要成分之一,主要包括3′-唾液酸乳糖(3′-sialactose,3′-SL)和6′-唾液酸乳糖(6′-sialactose,6′-SL),这两者在免疫调节、抗炎以及促进益生菌生长等方面发挥着重要作用。因为唾液酸乳糖在婴幼儿食品中的营养价值和应用潜力,利用廉价易得的原料通过微生物发酵制备高浓度唾液酸乳糖成为当前研究热点。本文综述了3′-SL-和6′-SL的功能及其生物合成技术,并详细介绍了利用大肠杆菌合成唾液酸乳糖的研究进展,为未来实现相关工业生产提供了有益的启示。

Human milk oligosaccharides(HMOs)are a structurally complex group of unbound polysaccharides,representing the third-largest solid component in breast milk.They play a crucial role in the intestinal health and immune system development of infants.Sialylated HMOs,including 3′-sialactose(3′-SL)and 6′-sialactose(6′-SL),are major components of HMOs,playing significant roles in immune regulation,anti-inflammatory processes,and promotion of probiotic growth.Currently,the cost-effective production of high-value sialactose by microbial fermentation with readily available raw materials has become a research hotspot due to the high nutritional value and potential applications of sialylated HMOs in infant food.This paper summarizes the functions and biosynthesis of 3′-SL and 6′-SL.Furthermore,it reviews the research progress in the synthesis of sialactose by Escherichia coli,offering valuable insights for future industrial production.