山地旅游区生态系统文化服务供需匹配空间格局与影响因素——以贵州省为例

Spatial pattern and influencing factors of matching the supply and demand of cultural ecosystem services in mountainous tourism area:a case study of Guizhou Province

山地旅游区是提供生态系统文化服务(CES)的重要场所,评估其CES供需匹配关系对区域生态景观与游憩空间的规划管理和提升人类福祉至关重要。以贵州省为典型山地旅游区案例地,结合社交媒体文本与MaxEnt模型的综合评估方法量化CES的实现需求与潜在供给,运用ArcGIS对CES供需及匹配关系的空间格局进行制图与评估,并基于地理探测器探究CES供需匹配的影响因素。研究表明:(1)美学、休闲娱乐、文化多样性、康养价值、生物多样性、研学价值、遗产价值和精神宗教是贵州省CES的主要表征类型。(2)CES需求以省内知名旅游景区和中心城区为核心集聚区,并向四周逐渐递减,高需求和中等需求在空间上呈现“分散式、多核心”分布格局,而CES高供给和中等供给则集中在各城市区域、旅游景区和交通线网附近,呈现多核心团簇状分布和沿交通干线呈条带状集聚分布的“多核心、多条带”分布格局。(3)根据CES供需匹配关系可将贵州省划分为文化服务需求区、平衡区和潜力区三类,三类分区的空间分布均具有较强的异质性,文化服务潜力区面积远大于其他分区。(4)CES供需匹配影响因子间交互作用的空间解释力相较于单因子强,其中高程和土地利用的影响最为显著,CES的自然因素解释力整体强于社会因素。研究为厘清贵州省CES供需及匹配的空间分布格局与影响因素,通过对CES供需热点区域进行潜力点识别和价值转化,以实现山地旅游区自然资源的合理配置和生态游憩空间的保护开发与结构优化提供理论借鉴与实践参考。

Mountainous tourism area plays a crucial role in providing cultural ecosystem services(CES)for human being.Therefore,it is extremely crucial to evaluate the matching relationship between supply and demand of CES in mountainous tourism area for the planning and management of regional eco-landscape and recreation space and the improvement of human well-being.Taking Guizhou province,a typical mountain tourist destination,as the research area,this study intends to quantize the realized demand and potential supply of CES by combining the integrated assessment method of social media texts and MaxEnt model,maps and evaluates the spatial pattern of CES supply-demand and its matching relationship by using ArcGIS,and explores the influencing factors of the matching of CES supply-demand based on the Geodetector.The results suggest that:(1)Aesthetics,Recreation,Cultural diversity,Therapeutic,Biodiversity,Learning,Heritage and Spiritual are the main types of CES in Guizhou province.(2)The demand of CES is concentrated in the prominent tourist attractions and the central cities of the Guizhou province,and decreases gradually in all directions,with high and medium demand showing a spatial pattern of“decentralized and multi-core”distribution.Additionally,the high and medium supply of CES is concentrated in the vicinity of various urban areas,tourism areas and the transport networks,showing a“multi-core and multi-strip”distribution pattern with multi-core cluster distribution and banded distribution along the transportation networks.(3)According to the matching relationship between supply and demand of CES,Guizhou province can be divided into three categories:cultural service demand area,cultural service balance area and cultural service potential area.The spatial distribution of the three types of zones has strong heterogeneity,and the area of cultural service potential area is much larger than that of other regions.(4)Compared with the spatial explanatory power of a single factor on matching relationship between supply and demand of CES,the interaction between factors has a stronger spatial explanatory power,among which elevation and land use have the most significant effects.In addition,the overall explanatory power of natural factors affecting supply and demand matching of CES are stronger than that of social factors.In order to clarify the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of CES supply-demand and its matching relationship in Guizhou province,this study aims to clarify the potential points and transform the value of the hot spots of CES supply and demand,so as to provide theoretical reference and practical reference for realizing the rational allocation of natural resources and the conservation,development and structural optimization of ecological recreation space in mountainous tourism area.