不同年限梅花鹿干扰对亚热带森林土壤和植物生物量的影响

Effects of different Cervus nippon disturbing years on soil and plant biomass in a subtropical forest

有蹄类动物的采食、践踏、排泄等行为会影响森林土壤理化特性与植物群落特征。选取浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区典型亚热带针阔混交林地,设置4个华南梅花鹿干扰处理(禁养,圈养10、15、20 a),以探讨华南梅花鹿圈养对亚热带林地土壤和植被功能的影响。结果表明:(1)随着华南梅花鹿圈养年限的增加,土壤pH、含水率、毛管孔隙度、有机质和阳离子交换量呈现降低的趋势,土壤容重、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈现升高的趋势。(2)华南梅花鹿圈养对0—40 cm土层土壤容重、含水率、毛管孔隙度、有机质、阳离子交换量以及0—20 cm土层碱解氮和有效磷的影响显著,均为圈养20 a处理与对照处理之间差异性达到显著水平(P<0.05)。(3)华南梅花鹿干扰能显著降低林下植被的地上生物量(P<0.05)。研究结果揭示亚热带森林土壤-植被对梅花鹿干扰的响应特征,为探讨森林蹄类动物栖息地退化机制和优化区域生态恢复模式提供科学的数据与理论基础。

The soil physicochemical properties and the characteristics of plant community in forest were affected by the behaviors of ungulates such as feeding,trampling and excreting.In this study,we selected a typical coniferous mixed with broad-leaved forest in Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang as our research area.We set up four treatments related to Cervus nippon kopschi disturbance(no captivity;10 a captivity,15 a captivity and 20 a captivity)to explore their effects on soil properties and plant growth.The results indicated that(1)the values of soil pH,soil water content(SWC),soil capillary porosity(SCP),soil organic matter(SOM)and cation exchange capacity(CEC)tended to decrease with the rise of the captivity years of Cervus nippon kopschi.On the other hand,the contents of bulk density(BD),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)tended to increase with the rise of the captivity years of Cervus nippon kopschi.(2)The soil physicochemical properties parameters(AN and AP of 0—20 cm soil layer,0—40 cm soil layer:BD,SWC,CP,SOM,CEC)between the treatment with 20 a captivity and the control plots showed significant differences(P<0.05).(3)Captivity of Cervus nippon kopschi also significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of plants(P<0.05).This study reveals the response characteristics of soil physiochemical properties and plant aboveground biomass to captive Cervus nippon kopschi in a typical subtropical forest.This study could provide scientific bases of data and theory for exploring the degradation mechanism of ungulates habitat in forest and improving the regional ecological restoration.