数字资本主义的劳动异化与人的生存困境——基于马克思的生存论视角

The Labor Alienation of Digital Capitalism and the Human Survival Dilemma:From the Perspective of Marx's Theory of Survival

马克思的异化劳动学说不仅揭示了资本主义劳动异化的四重规定,而且包含着深刻的生存论意蕴,即消解了私有财产关系以及与其相同构的理性范畴对人的世界的遮蔽,而立足于前理性、前逻辑的生存论的视角是把握一切现成存在者的存在根据。数字资本主义使人的劳动和生存方式具有了新的表现形态,因而有必要回到马克思的生存论视角,消解数字资本主义诸多理性范畴的遮蔽,透视数字资本主义中劳动异化的新的特征和表现,进而把握异化劳动带来的人的生存的三重困境:虚体生存与实体生存的矛盾、个体性与数字社会整体的矛盾以及数字化的生存世界与人的精神世界的矛盾。

Marx's theory of alienated labor not only reveals the four fold provisions of capitalist labor alienation,but also contains a profound perspective of survival theory.It eliminates the obscuration of the human world by private property relations and their corresponding rational categories,and grasps the existence basis of all existing entities from the perspective of pre rationality and pre category existentialism.Digital capitalism has brought new forms of expression to human labor and survival.Therefore,it is necessary to return to Marx's perspective on survival,dispel the obscuration of many rational categories of digital capitalism,and examine the new characteristics and manifestations of labor alienation in digital capitalism,in order to grasp the triple dilemma of human survival brought about by alienated labor:the contradiction between virtual and physical survival,the contradiction between individuality and the overall digital society,and the contradiction between the digital survival world and human spiritual world.