江西省某三甲医院八年急性中毒特点回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of characteristics of acute poisoning cases over eight years in a Tertiary Hospital in Jiangxi Province

目的探讨南昌大学第一附属医院急性中毒住院患者流行病学及临床特点。方法基于南昌大学第一附属医院的住院病历信息管理平台,根据ICD-10疾病编码,回顾性分析2014—2021年江西省南昌大学第一附属医院急性中毒住院患者的性别、年龄、住址、中毒种类、中毒原因、中毒途径、病情严重程度、诊治过程、住院时间、预后等。结果1953例急性中毒患者纳入研究,其中男性871例(44.6%),女性1082例(55.4%),年龄(42.7±20.0)岁,死亡113例(5.8%)。城镇来源中毒患者706例(36.1%),乡村来源1247例(63.9%),中毒发病最高人群为41~60岁人群,因自杀导致中毒的人数最多,共1318例(67.5%),其次为误服或误接触,过量为最少。口服毒物是最常见中毒途径,为1681例(86.1%),其次为吸入和接触。农药中毒是本研究中毒的主要毒物类型,共847例(43.4%),其次为药物中毒和食源性中毒。尤其是乡村来源患者,农药中毒比例高达79.2%,而药物中毒则是城镇来源患者的主要中毒类型,占比53.5%。结论本研究中急性中毒患者的特点是女性,乡村高发,口服农药自杀为主要的中毒方式及原因。应针对以上高危地区、人群及毒物进行教育及管控。

Objective To explore the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with acute poisoning at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University in Jiangxi Province.Methods Based on the electronic medical records management platform of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,a retrospective analysis was conducted on hospitalized patients with acute poisoning based on ICD-10 disease codes from 2014 to 2021.The gender,age,residence,poison type,etiology,route of exposure,illness severity,diagnostic and therapeutic processes,hospital stay duration,and prognosis of patients were collected.Results A total of 1953 cases of acute poisoning were included,comprising 871 males(44.6%)and 1082 females(55.4%).The age was(42.7±20.0)years,with 113 fatalities(5.8%).Urban residents accounted for 706 cases(36.1%)and rural residents for 1247 cases(63.9%).The highest incidence occurred in the 41-60 age group.Suicide was the primary cause,constituting 1318 cases(67.5%),followed by accidental ingestion or contact,with overdose being less frequent.Oral poison way was the predominant route(1681 cases,86.1%),followed by inhalation and contact.Pesticide poisoning was the predominant type of poisoning in this study,with 847 cases(43.4%),followed by drug poisoning and foodborne poisoning.Pesticide poisoning predominated among rural residents(79.2%),while drug poisoning was more prevalent among urban residents(53.5%).Conclusions In this study,patients with acute poisoning exhibited predominantly female gender,hailed from rural areas,and primary etiology of poisoning was pesticide ingestion for suicidal intent.Targeted education and control measures should be carried out for the above high-risk areas,populations and poisons.