细胞外基质在主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层中的作用及机制研究进展

Research progress on the role and mechanism of extracellular matrix in aortic aneurysm and dissection

主动脉瘤和/或夹层是威胁人类生命健康的危重心血管疾病,临床上尚无药物能有效预防疾病进展。主动脉壁细胞和非细胞成分失衡导致主动脉结构性或功能性退变是疾病发生的先决条件。细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)作为主动脉壁的重要非细胞成分,在维持主动脉结构、功能和稳态中发挥关键作用。ECM中的弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白合成障碍、弹性纤维和胶原纤维交联不足、ECM蛋白水解酶/内源性抑制剂比率失调等所致ECM蛋白过度降解均会导致主动脉病理性重塑,引起主动脉瘤和/或夹层的发生。了解ECM蛋白及其代谢机制能够为主动脉瘤和/或夹层的预防和治疗提供更多思路。因此,本综述重点阐述与该疾病相关的重要ECM蛋白的作用和机制,以及蛋白水解酶/抑制剂对ECM代谢的调控作用。

Aortic aneurysm and dissection are critical cardiovascular diseases that threaten human life and health seriously.No pharmacological treatment can effectively prevent disease progression.The imbalance of aortic wall cells and non-cellular components leads to structural or functional degeneration of the aorta,which is a prerequisite for disease occurrence.As the important non-cellular component,extracellular matrix(ECM)is crucial to maintain the aortic structure,function,and homeostasis.Abnormal production of elastin and collagen,destruction of cross-linking between elastic fibers and collagen fibers,and the imbalance of metalloproteinase and inhibitors leads to excessive degradation of ECM proteins,all of which have destroyed the structure and function of aorta.It will provide more ideas for disease prevention and treatment by learning ECM proteins and their metabolic mechanism.Here,we focus on the ECM proteins that have been reported to be involved in aortic aneurysm and dissection,and discuss the regulatory mechanism of metalloproteinase and inhibitors.