试论汉画像中太一神格的退隐--以陕北汉代画像资料为例

On the Decline of the Taiyi Deity in Han-Dynasty Imagery System:A Case Study of Han-Dynasty Pictorial Records from Northern Shaanxi

自从汉武帝在甘泉设立祭祀太一的泰畴并亲往祭祀,太一遂成为国家祭祀体系中的至高神。东汉建立后,将上帝奉为至高神,太一被移出明堂,退出国家祀典,但其在民间却被作为天帝使者,成为升仙信仰的重要主宰者。陕西靖边、定边汉代壁画所见太一图像及其空间位置的演化,展现了其在国家祀典中地位逐步弱化的过程。

Since Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty established the Taizhi sacrificial alter for worshipping Taiyi(the Supreme One)in Ganquan and personally performed the rites,Taiyi became the supreme deity in the state sacrificial system.After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Shangdi was revered as the highest deity,and Taiyi was removed from the Mingtang Hall and excluded from state rituals.However,in popular belief,Taiyi continued to be regarded as the celestial emissary and an important deity in the worship of immortality.The evolution of Taiyi's images and spatial positioning in Han-Dynasty murals from Jingbian and Dingbian counties in Shaanxi Province reflects the gradual weakening of its status within the state sacrificial system.