乱象与规制:我国体育领域影响因素研究的问题检视与规范路径

Chaos and Regulation:Review of Problems and Regulatory Path of Researches on Influencing Factors in Field of Sports in China

目前我国体育领域对“影响因素”这一概念的使用仍处于混沌状态,不仅阻碍了影响因素研究发展,而且在相当程度上束缚了影响因素研究具体实践。基于此,研究在系统分析影响因素概念、厘清当前体育领域影响因素研究问题的基础上,提出具体规范路径。研究提出,影响因素属于影响关系,是寻求对事物起显著性和决定性作用的要素,需进一步厘清因素的影响方向和影响方式。由此评价当前体育领域影响因素研究,存在非以探求变量因果关系为根本诉求、缺乏综合影响因素性质进行方法选择的基础问题与过分强调量化统计分析进行变量验证的效度问题。针对研究问题,提出方法学三角互证中方法间三角互证的规范路径,具体为基础问题阶段采用方法间前后三角互证加强对影响因素概念解释并规范研究方法选择,效度保障阶段采用方法间并行三角互证避免单一统计学方法局限性。体育领域应高度重视影响因素研究,通过多元研究方法,提高研究效度,以得到比较接近因果的影响关系。

Currently,researches on influencing factors have not only hampered in its own development but also limited in its specific application in the Chinese sports industry due to the disorganized state in which the notion of“influence factor”is currently used.Based on this,the study provided a specific path for the standardized research by methodically analyzing the concept of influencing factors and elucidating the current problems.It was held that the influencing factors fell into the category of influential relationship,which played a substantial and decisive part in the matter so that further clarification of the factors’direction and manner of influence was required.Therefore,the primary issues with the current research on influencing factors in the field of sports were the failure to investigate the causal relationship of variables as the primary attraction,the deficiency in methodological decisions regarding the nature of comprehensive influencing factors,and the excessive focus on the validity of variables confirmed by quantitative statistical analyses.A novel approach to methodological triangulation for inter-method triangulation was put forth in order to solve the research problem.Specifically,in the basic problem stage,inter-method triangulation was used to strengthen the conceptual explanation of influencing factors and standardize the choice of research methods.In the validity assurance stage,parallel triangulation between methods was used to avoid the limitations of a single statistical method.In order to acquire an influencing relationship closer to causality,the field of sport should place a high premium on the investigation of influencing factors and enhance the validity of the study using a multivariate research approach.