从祭祀仪式到竞赛记录:先秦射礼竞赛的演进逻辑与文化意蕴

From Sacrificial Ceremony to Competition Record:The Evolutionary Logic and Cultural Connotation of the Pre-Qin Archery Competition

运用历史文献资料法、二重证据法等研究方法,通过研读先秦时期部分古籍原著,并与出土青铜器上篆刻的与射箭相关铭文进行对照、互证与考释。从文化演进、身份秩序、机制规范、竞赛理念、国家意志、体悟量化、记录存证7个维度,重点对先秦射礼竞赛蕴含的深层文化逻辑进行探赜。研究认为晚商时期既已出现具有祭祀属性的射礼活动,发展至西周时期渐进完备,并体现出“以射择士”的社会功能和“射以观德”的文化内涵,其具有的竞赛体系与现代体育竞赛并无二致。通过对先秦射礼的研究,不仅可以透过先秦时期的微观事项(射礼竞赛)管窥其宏观世界的社会秩序和文化内涵,且对进一步深入了解中国古代体育竞赛特征和社会文化结构具有重要的理论价值和文化意义。

By using research methods such as historical literature and double evidence,this study examines some original works of ancient books from the Pre-Qin period and compares them with inscriptions related to archery carved on unearthed bronze vessels.From seven dimensions:cultural evolution,identity order,institutional norms,competition concepts,national will,quantification of understanding,and record keeping,this article focuses on exploring the deep cultural logic contained in the Pre-Qin archery competition.Research suggests that during the late Shang Dynasty,archery activities with sacrificial attributes had already emerged,and gradually developed to the Western Zhou Dynasty,reflecting the social function of"selecting scholars through archery"and the cultural connotation of"observing morality through archery".Its competition system is no different from modern sports competitions.Through the study of archery in the Pre-Qin period,not only can we observe the social order and cultural connotations of the macro world through the micro events(archery competitions)of the Pre-Qin period,but it also has important theoretical value and cultural significance for further understanding the characteristics and social cultural structure of ancient Chinese sports competitions.