民族体育运动“走马”的名称、滥觞与马种考论

Discussion on the name,abuse and horse breed research of the national sports"Amble Horse"

运用四重证据法、文献法、传统小学法,考证文字、语言、民俗、物象等证据,探究我国少数民族体育运动“走马”的名称规范、历史来源与马种传播等问题。研究发现:一是,文字考证表明“走马”的名称在古今文献中有多重意涵,包括了骑乘车马、泛指马术活动、指称善于奔走的马、官职名称、固定为文学作品乐府专题,指代民族体育运动“走马竞技”等多种意义;二是,多重证据表明对侧步走马滥觞于我国古代边疆少数民族月氏、乌孙、突厥,最早出现时间可上推至西汉,使用场景包括出行、狩猎、战争等,分布的区域包括南北各地。三是,对侧步走马的来源(即生物学上的DMRT3基因)与西汉时的塞外马种密切相关,这一遗传特性的马种沿古代“丝绸之路”广泛散播。研究认为,对侧步走马是我国多民族交往和融合的重要见证,在深化铸牢中华民族共同体意识背景下,其文化“共同体”构建的价值应当充分发挥。

Using the"Four-Fold Evidence Method"method,the documentary method and the traditional primary school method,the evidence of writing,language,folklore,objects and other evidence were used to explore the name standard,historical source and horse breed spread of China's ethnic minority sports"amble horse".The study finds that:first,textual research shows that the name"amble horse"has multiple meanings in ancient and modern documents,including riding a horse,generally referring to equestrian activities,referring to horses that are good at running,official titles,fixed as literary works Yuefu special topics,and referring to national sports"horse amble";second,multiple evidence shows that the opposite side walking horses indiscriminately in China's ancient frontier ethnic minorities Yue,Wusun,and Turkic,the earliest occurrence time can be pushed to the Western Han Dynasty,the use of scenarios include travel,hunting,war,etc.,the distribution area includes the north and south.Third,the source of the contralateral amble horse(that is,the biological DMRT3 gene)is closely related to the Saiwai horse breed in the Western Han Dynasty,and this genetic characteristic horse breed was widely spread along the ancient"Silk Road".The study believes that the opposite side is an important witness of China's multi-ethnic exchanges and integration,and in the context of deepening the consciousness of the"Chinese National Community",the value of its cultural"community"construction should be fully exerted.