从“传承”到“传播”:非遗新闻报道的话语变迁——以《四川日报》2013年至2022年报道为例

Analysis of Discourse Changes in Intangible Cultural Heritage News Reporting:From"Inheritance"to"Communication"——Taking Reports from Sichuan Daily from 2013 to 2022 as an Example

官方媒体对非物质文化遗产的报道能够反映政府对非遗的总体态度,该文选取了《四川日报》942篇有关非物质文化遗产的新闻,以话语分析和内容分析为研究方法,采用梵·迪克的宏观话语分析理论,结合诺曼·费尔克拉夫的“文本—话语实践—社会实践”分析框架,分析从2013年到2022年《四川日报》的非遗话语变迁,以此来探究近十年我国非遗保护和传承的发展变化。研究发现:在文本层面,非遗新闻报道的叙事发生了从共情化叙事到建设性叙事、从故事化叙事到互动化叙事的转变;在语境层面,全媒体记者的出现使得非遗报道的内容和形式从严肃转向了“网络化”和“流行化”。非物质文化遗产报道话语的变迁背后是国家非遗保护观念从“传承”到“传播”的重心转变。

The reports on intangible cultural heritage by official media can reflect the overall attitude of the government towards intangible cultural heritage.This article selects 942 news articles related to intangible cultural heritage from Sichuan Daily,and uses discourse analysis and content analysis as research methods,based on the macro-discourse analysis theory of Van Dijk,combining with Norman Fairclough's"textdiscourse practice-social practice"analysis framework,to analyze the discourse changes of intangible cultural heritage from Sichuan Daily from 2013 to 2022 to explore the development and changes of China's protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage in the past ten years.The research finds that at the text level,the narrative of intangible cultural heritage news reports has changed from empathetic narrative to constructive narrative,and from storytelling narrative to interactive narrative;at the context level,the emergence of multimedia reporters has shifted the content and form of intangible cultural heritage reports from serious to"networked"and"popularized".Behind the changes in the discourse of intangible cultural heritage reports is the shift in the focus of national intangible cultural heritage protection concepts from"inheritance"to"communication".