局部麻醉下CT/超声双引导经皮双极射频消融术治疗偶发性肾脏小肿瘤的疗效及安全性

Efficacy and safety of percutaneous CT/ultrasound-guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of small renal mass under local anesthesia

目的通过与机器人辅助腹腔镜下肾部分切除术(RAPN)对比,分析局部麻醉下计算机断层扫描(CT)/超声双引导下经皮双极射频消融术(RFA)治疗偶发性肾脏小肿瘤(SRM)的疗效及风险。方法回顾性分析2019年3月—2021年10月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的93例T1a期SRM患者,其中51例进行了RAPN(RAPN组),另42例进行了局部麻醉下CT/超声双引导下经皮双极RFA(RFA组)。对两组患者的一般资料、肿瘤特征、围手术期及随访结果进行对比分析。结果两组患者的一般资料和肿瘤特征方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RFA组较RAPN组的手术操作时间[(96.0±20.0)min vs.(113.5±24.1)min,P<0.001]、住院时间[(3.5±0.8)d vs.(6.9±1.8)d,P<0.001]及住院费用[(2.4±0.7)万元vs.(6.6±0.4)万元,P<0.001]均降低。两组患者的围手术期并发症发生率以及远期无病生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而RFA组术后1年估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平与术前eGFR水平之差显著小于RAPN组[-2.3(-4.7~1.3)mL/(min·1.73 m^(2))vs.-5.0(-9.1~-2.8)mL/(min·1.73 m^(2)),P=0.003],RFA组术后1年血肌酐水平与术前血肌酐水平之差略小于RAPN组[4.0(-0.2~5.5)μmol/L vs.4.5(1.8~9.2)μmol/L,P=0.122]。结论RFA与RAPN治疗T1a期肾肿瘤的无病生存率相当。此外,RFA术后并发症发生率更低,能更好地保护肾功能并节省医疗成本。

Objective To compare and analyze the efficacy and risks of percutaneous CT/ultrasound-guided bipolar radiofrequency ablation(RFA)under local anesthesia with robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RAPN)for the treatment of sporadic small renal mass.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 93 consecutive patients with T1a stage small renal mass during Mar.2019 and Oct.2021.Among them,51 underwent RAPN,and 42 underwent RFA.General information,tumor characteristics,perioperative and follow-up data were collected and statistically analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in general information and tumor characteristics between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time[(96.0±20.0)min vs.(113.5±24.1)min,P<0.001],hospital stay[(3.5±0.8)day vs.(6.9±1.8)day,P<0.001],and hospital costs[(2.4±0.7)ten thousand yuan vs.(6.6±0.4)ten thousand yuan,P<0.001]were significantly decreased in the RFA group than in the RAPN group.There were no significant differences in the incidence of perioperative complications and long-term disease-free survival rate between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the difference between one-year postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and preoperative eGFR was significantly lower in the RFA group than in the RAPN group[-2.3(-4.7—1.3)mL/(min·1.73 m^(2))vs.-5.0(-9.1—-2.8)mL/(min·1.73 m^(2)),P=0.003],and the reduction of one-year postoperative creatinine and preoperative creatinine was slightly lower in the RFA group than in the RAPN group[4.0(-0.2—5.5)μmol/L vs.4.5(1.8—9.2)μmol/L,P=0.122].Conclusion RFA can achieve comparable disease-free survival rate as RAPN in the treatment of T1a renal tumor,and can effectively preserve renal function,reduce medical costs,save medical resources,and lower the incidence of perioperative complications.