离婚冷静期制度实施的困境与出路

The Dilemma and Solution for Implementing the System of Cooling-off Period before Divorce

随着经济社会的发展,我国离婚率呈上升趋势,并出现闪婚闪离、冲动离婚等现象。对此,2020年《中华人民共和国民法典》首次增设离婚冷静期,旨在通过立法约束减少冲动离婚和轻率离婚,挽救可维系的婚姻。目前,离婚冷静期制度实施已经初显成效,部分夫妇在冷静期结束后选择放弃离婚。但在法律实践中也出现了适用期限缺乏弹性、协议离婚与诉讼离婚同步申请导致冷静期虚化、配套措施不完善等问题。因此,应通过设立灵活且有弹性的离婚冷静期期限、设置排除适用离婚冷静期的情形和离婚申请前置审查程序、完善调解措施等举措,逐步健全离婚冷静期制度,使之更加符合当前婚姻法律改革的发展和需要。

With the development of the economy and society,China s divorce rate has been constantly on the rise,resulting in a wave of flash marriages and impulsive divorces.In response to this,the 2020 Civil Code of the People s Republic of China added the system of cooling-off period before divorce for the first time,with the goal of reducing impulsive and hasty divorces through legislative limits also preserving healthy marriages.At present,the effectiveness of the system has been preliminary reflected,and some couples choose to end divorce after the cooling-off period expires.However,in legal practice,there are also problems such as a lack of flexibility in the applicable period,the simultaneous application for divorce by agreement and litigation resulting in the weakness of the cooling-off period,and the imperfection of supporting measures.As a result,the system of cooling-off period before divorce should be gradually perfected by establishing a flexible and elastic divorce cooling-off period,establishing circumstances that exclude the applications of the divorce cooling-off period,setting up a pre-examination procedure for divorce applications,and improving mediation measures to better conform to the development and needs of the current matrimonial law reform.