对新制度经济学理性人假设的思考--以新冠战“疫”为例

A Study on the Hypothesis of Rational People in New Institutional Economics--Take the Fight Against COVID-19 as an Example

“有限理性”是制度经济学尤其是新制度经济学的前提假设条件,产生“有限理性”和“集体行动的困境”的原因包括:社会每个个体的偏好不同,个体理性无法有效传递到集体理性;“搭便车”现象;社会“特殊利益集团”的存在;政府管理者的“管理机会主义”等。新冠疫情主要是“市场失灵”中的“外部性”现象,以世界各国“新冠战疫”为案例,证明了“有限理性”更加符合“真实世界”的特点。

“Bounded rationality”is the premise assumption of Institutional economics,especially New in-stitutional economics.The reasons for“Bounded rationality”and“dilemma of collective action”include that each individual in society has different preferences,and individual rationality cannot be effectively transferred to collective rationality;The phenomenon of“free riding”;The existence of social“special in-terest groups”;Reasons such as“managerial opportunism”by government managers,etc.The COVID-19 epidemic is mainly the“Externality”phenomenon in the“Market failure”.Taking the fight against“COVID-19 epidemic”in the world as a case,it proves that“Bounded rationality”is more in line with the characteristics of the“real world”.