清代呼和浩特地区蒙汉民族经济依存关系考略——基于归化城副都统衙门档案

Study on the Economic Interdependence of the Mongol Nationality and the Han Nationality in Hohhot Area in the Qing Dynasty——Based on the Archives of Deputy General Office of Guihuacheng

呼和浩特位于土默川平原上。土默川不仅是土默特蒙古族赖以生存的故乡,也是谋求安居乐业的内地民众繁衍生息的热土。从军事征掠到城市贸易再到内蒙古的首府城市的历程,呼和浩特发展的基础在于蒙汉等各民族对本地的经济开发与互利互惠,并由此而实现了政治统一、文化交融。而作为这一过程历史见证的归化城副都统衙门多语种档案,反映出清代中央和地方因战事和生计之需开垦土地的历史。在官垦形成大量内地移民村落的同时,私垦的内地移民或杂居于蒙古人村落,或独立成村并世代定居。在共同的经济基础之上,蒙汉民族形成休戚与共的经济依存关系。

Hohhot is located on Tumochuan Plain,which is not only the hometown of Tumed Mongolian people,but also a land for the mainland people looking for a happy life.Hohhot,from military struggle to city trade and then to the capital of Inner Mongolia,has achieved great political unity and cultural integration through the joint efforts of Mongolian and Han people in the local economic development.When the central and local governments in the Qing Dynasty reclaimed land due to the needs of war and livelihood,a large number of inland migrant villages were formed staying either with Mongolians or independently for generations.As a historical witness of this process,the multilingual archives of the Deputy General Office of Guihuacheng reflect that the Mongolian and Han people has formed an economic interdependence relationship based on the common economic basis.