伊犁河谷苹果化学疏花疏果效果初探

Preliminary Study on the Effect of Chemical Flower and Fruit Thinning of Apple in the Ili River Valley

以5年生苹果品种蜜脆和秦脆为试验材料,选用29%石硫合剂水剂、果单美、甲萘威3种药剂进行疏花疏果试验,研究不同化学药剂的疏除效果,以期为伊犁河谷苹果化学疏花疏果提供理论参考。研究结果表明,3种化学药剂对蜜脆、秦脆苹果品种均有不同程度的花果疏除作用。从单果比例、坐果率、空台率等方面综合比较,对秦脆苹果花朵疏除效果较好的是1.0°Bé的29%石硫合剂水剂、果单美150倍液,对蜜脆苹果花朵疏除效果较好的是0.75°Bé的29%石硫合剂水剂、果单美200倍液,对秦脆、蜜脆苹果疏果效果以甲萘威400倍液较好。采用化学疏花疏果剂处理对秦脆、蜜脆苹果部分果实品质指标有一定的提升作用,主要体现在单果重、可溶性固形物含量和钙含量的增加。采用化学疏花疏果技术可节省人工65.83%,节约成本482.5~542.5元/667m^(2),节本增效显著。

Taking 5 years old apple varieties Micui and Qincui as experimental materials,29%lime-sulfur agent,Guodanmei and carbaryl were selected to carry out flower and fruit thinning experiments,and the thinning effects of different chemical agents were studied in order to provide reference for chemical flower and fruit thinning of apples in Ili River Valley.The results showed that the three chemical agents had different degrees of flower and fruit thinning effect on honey crisp and Qincui apple varieties.From the comprehensive comparison of single fruit ratio,fruit setting rate and empty fruit rate,29%lime sulfur mixture water agent 1.0°Béand fruit Danmei 150 times had better effect on Qincui flower thinning,29%lime sulfur mixture water agent 0.75°Béand fruit Danmei 200 times had better effect on honey crisp flower thinning,and carbaryl 400 times had better effect on Qincui and honey crisp apple fruit thinning.The treatment of chemical flower and fruit thinning agent had a certain effect on improving the quality indexes of some fruits of Qincui and Micui apples,which was mainly reflected in the increase of single fruit weight,soluble solids and calcium content.The use of chemical flower and fruit thinning technology can save labor by 65.83%,reduce costs by 482.5-542.5 yuan/667 m^(2),and save costs and increase efficiency significantly.