基于模糊自整定PID控制的真空炉温度系统的设计及仿真

Design and Simulation of Vacuum Furnace Temperature System Based on Fuzzy Self-Tuning PID Control

作为一种在低于常规大气压环境下实施的冶金工艺,真空冶炼技术旨在通过降低氧化风险来优化金属及其合金的硬度特性。此技术在稀有金属提炼、特殊合金制备及高端钢材生产中具有越发广阔的应用前景。鉴于传统PID控制在真空冶炼炉温度调控中面临的显著滞后性挑战,为提升系统运行的鲁棒性与精确性,深入探讨了常规PID控制与模糊自整定PID控制的基本原理,并创新性地引入了模糊自整定PID控制策略。利用MATLAB平台中的Simulink模块与Fuzzy工具箱,针对真空冶炼炉的温度控制过程进行了详尽的仿真模拟,重点评估了温控系统的超调幅度与调节速度等关键性能指标。结果显示,与传统的PID控制方法相比,模糊自整定PID控制方案在稳态保持与动态响应方面均展现出显著优势,控制效果更优越。

As a metallurgical process implemented in environments below conventional atmospheric pressure,vacuum smelting technology aims to optimize the hardness characteristics of metals and their alloys by reducing the risk of oxidation.This technology has shown increasingly broad application prospects in rare metal extraction,special alloy preparation,and high-end steel production.Given the significant lag challenge faced by traditional PID control in temperature regulation of vacuum smelting furnaces,in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of system operation,this paper deeply explores the basic principles of conventional PID control and fuzzy self-tuning PID control,and innovatively introduces the fuzzy self-tuning PID control strategy.A detailed simulation was conducted on the temperature control process of a vacuum smelting furnace using Simulink module and Fuzzy toolbox in MATLAB platform,with a focus on evaluating key performance indicators such as overshoot amplitude and adjustment speed of the temperature control system.The results show that compared with traditional PID control methods,the fuzzy self-tuning PID control scheme designed in this paper exhibits significant advantages in both steady-state maintenance and dynamic response,achieving superior control effects.