杭州地区19678例过敏性皮肤病患者血清总IgE与特异性IgE检测结果分析

Analysis of serum total IgE and specific IgE in 19678 patients with allergic skin diseases in Hangzhou area

目的:分析过敏性皮肤病患者血清总IgE与特异性IgE检测结果的水平和特征,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法:收集2022年1—12月于杭州市第三人民医院就诊及住院的皮肤过敏患者19678例。采用化学发光法检测血清总IgE,免疫印迹法检测过敏原特异性IgE。并根据性别、年龄进行分组,分析血清总IgE检测值水平和过敏原特异性IgE阳性率。结果:19678例皮肤过敏患者血清总IgE检测值为78.8(27.2,216.0)kU/L。吸入性过敏原最常见的为屋尘螨/粉尘螨、混合草、蟑螂;食入性过敏原最常见的为牛奶、虾、蟹。除猫毛皮屑外男性患者的阳性率高于女性(P<0.05)。各年龄组血清过敏原特异性IgE阳性率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中狗毛皮屑、牛奶、虾、蟹、贝类、鸡蛋白在0~3岁组阳性率最高,后随年龄呈下降趋势;猫毛皮屑、芒果、牛肉4~9岁阳性率最高,后随年龄呈下降趋势;屋尘螨/粉尘螨、蟑螂、霉菌、屋尘组合在0~19岁阳性率呈上升趋势,后随年龄呈下降趋势;混合草、苋、桑树、菠萝主要在50~79岁阳性率较高。结论:不同类型过敏原在性别、年龄都呈现不同的分布,可根据实际情况针对性地进行预防和治疗。

Objective To investigate and analyze the level and characteristics of serum total IgE and specific IgE in patients with allergic skin diseases,and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 19678 patients with skin allergy who were treated and hospitalized in Hangzhou Third People's Hospital from January to December 2022 were collected.Serum total IgE was detected by chemiluminescence and allergen-specific IgE was detected by immunoblotting.According to gender and age,the levels of serum total IgE and the positive rate of allergen-specific IgE were analyzed.Results The median value of serum total IgE was 78.8(27.2,216.0)kU/L in 19678 patients with skin allergies.The most common inhaled allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae/Dermatophagoides farinae,mixed grass and cockroaches,with positive rates of 33.01%,9.19%and 5.80%,respectively.The most common allergens were milk,shrimp and crab,with positive rates of 4.44%,2.90%and 2.47%,respectively.Except for cat dandruff,the positive rate of male patients was higher than that of female patients(P<0.05).The positive rate of serum allergen�specific IgE in each age group was significantly different(P<0.05).Among them,the positive rate of dog dander,milk,shrimp,crab,shellfish and egg protein was the highest in the 0-3 year old group,and then decreased with age.The positive rate was the highest in the 4-9 years old group of cat dandruff,mango and beef,and then decreased with age.The positive rate of house dust mite/dust mite,cockroach,mold and dust house combination increased during the period of 0-19 years old,and then decreased with age.The positive rate of mixed grass,amaranth,mulberry and pineapple was higher mainly in the period of 50-79 years old.Conclusions Different types of allergens have different distributions in gender and age,which can be prevented and treated according to the actual situation.