供需视角下城乡社区居家养老服务困境及其解决路径

The Dilemma and Solution Path of Home-Based Elderly Care Services in Urban and Rural Communities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

随着我国老龄化程度不断加深,老龄需求不断增加,养老供给问题亟待解决。由于我国养老服务资源的有限性,我国社区居家养老服务供给中存在供给能力弱、供给体系不健全、供需不匹配等困境。面对这些供给困境,需要考虑如何通过建立合理的养老服务供给体系来提高供给能力,促进养老服务资源的合理配置,推动老年人养老的健康化与幸福化,同时推动我国基本公共服务均等化。因此,基于供需视角,从供给、需求与供需匹配三方面出发,明确了当前社区居家养老服务发展存在资金供给不足、资金来源单一、服务供给低质低效、供需错配等问题与困境,提出了发挥基层自治组织作用、明确供给主体间关系、搭建服务平台等解决问题的方法,为推动建立健全合理的养老服务供给体系提供理论依据,并为积极应对人口老龄化、推动健康老龄化提供相关建议。

With the deepening of China's aging population and the increasing demand for elderly care,the problem of elderly care supply urgently needs to be solved.Due to the limited resources of elderly care services in China,there are difficulties in the supply of communitybased elderly care services,such as weak supply capacity,incomplete supply system,and supply-demand mismatch.In the face of these supply difficulties,it is necessary to consider how to improve the supply capacity,promote the rational allocation of elderly care service resources,promote the health and happiness of elderly care,and promote the equalization of basic public services in China by establishing a reasonable elderly care service supply system.Therefore,based on the perspective of supply and demand,starting from the three aspects of supply,demand,and supply-demand matching,it is clear that there are problems and difficulties in the current development of communitybased elderly care services,such as insufficient funding supply,single funding sources,low-quality and inefficient service supply,and supply-demand mismatch.Methods are proposed to play the role of grassroots autonomous organizations,clarify the relationships between supply subjects,and build service platforms to solve these problems,providing theoretical basis for promoting the establishment of a sound and reasonable elderly care service supply system,and providing relevant suggestions for actively responding to population aging and promoting healthy aging.