复合益生菌固态发酵脱除小麦和玉米中呕吐毒素的效果研究

Study on the Effect of Solid-state Fermentation with Compound Probiotics on Removing Deoxynivalenol from Wheat and Corn

为获得高效脱除小麦和玉米中呕吐毒素(DON)的复合益生菌组合,验证其固态发酵的脱毒效果,用高效液相色谱法对筛选出的菌体脱除、吸附、降解DON的含量进行测定。结果表明,在液态基质中,戊糖片球菌、酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌脱除DON效果最好,且脱毒率随反应时间增加而增大,24 h单菌脱毒率最高分别达79.62%、62.22%和82.75%。对不同处理液中DON含量测定,可知3株菌对DON的脱除均以吸附作用为主,且DON解吸附率低于15%。在复合菌固态发酵体系中,戊糖片球菌、酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌的接种量分别为1×10~6、1×10~7和1×10~8 CFU/g时,对DON污染小麦的脱毒率最高,可达79.49%;当接种量分别为1×10~6、1×10~8和1×10~7 CFU/g时,对DON和玉米赤霉烯酮联合污染玉米的脱毒率最高分别达61.54%和78.15%。此外,三株菌联合固态发酵可提高毒素污染小麦和玉米的粗蛋白质、降低粗纤维含量。在液态基质和固态发酵体系中确定了可高效脱除DON的益生菌组合并初步探明其脱毒机制,为真菌毒素污染谷物固态发酵脱毒提供了一定理论及应用基础。

The study aimed to identify an effective probiotic combination for the removal of deoxynivalenol(DON) from wheat and corn,and to verify the detoxification effect of solid-state fermentation.The content of DON removed,adsorbed,and degraded by the selected strains was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The results showed that in the liquid matrix,the detoxification rate increased with the reaction time and was higher for Streptococcus pentosus,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and Lactobacillus plantarum among all the bacteria.After 24 hours,the maximum detoxification rates of the individual strains reached 79.62%,62.22%,and 82.75%,respectively.Measurement of DON content in different treatment solutions revealed that the removal of DON by the three strains was primarily due to adsorption,with a DON desorption rate of less than 15%.In the solid-state fermentation system,the highest detoxification rate of DON-contaminated wheat could reach 79.49%,when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×10~6,1×10~7 and 1×10~8 CFU/m L.The highest detoxification rates for DON-and zearalenone-contaminated corn achieved 61.54% and 78.15%,respectively,when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×10~6,1×10~8 and 1×10~7 CFU/m L.In addition,the combined solid-state fermentation of the three strains increased the crude protein and reduced the crude fibre content of toxin-contaminated wheat and corn.This study identified compound probiotics that can efficiently remove DON in liquid substrates and solid-state fermentation systems,and preliminarily explored their detoxification mechanisms,which could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the detoxification of grains contaminated with mycotoxins through solid-state fermentation.