基于碳配额回购融资的工程机械再制造供应链定价与协调

Pricing and Coordination of Construction Machinery Remanufacturing Supply Chain Based on Carbon Quota Repurchase Financing

研究考虑碳配额回购融资的工程机械再制造供应链定价与协调问题,建立由供应商和资金约束的制造商组成的两级工程机械再制造供应链决策模型。分别讨论了制造商是否采用碳配额回购融资两种情形,并利用Kuhn-Tucker条件求解相应模型。然后,设计了收益分享契约对供应链进行协调。最后,通过算例仿真分析了配额回购融资金额和收益分享参数对供应链成员最优决策和利润的影响。研究表明:当制造商初始资金受限时,供应链成员采用配额回购融资可以提高新产品产量、总产量和核心零部件的批发价;当供应商愿意提供的配额回购融资金额较低时,供应链成员更愿意接受收益分享契约,且当收益分享比例一定时,供应链双方可以实现帕累托改进。

The shortage of resources,intensified market competition,and increased environmental awareness have made the issues of emission reduction and resource recycling important.Governments around the world have adopted carbon policies to guide enterprises to balance profits,costs,and emission reduction goals,and as remanufacturing can save production costs and reduce emissions,enterprises have begun to implement remanufacturing.At the same time,with the rapid development of infrastructure construction and the upgrading of emission standards in China,in-service construction machinery has entered a period of large-scale replacement.Implementing remanufacturing can significantly reduce waste pollution.However,its large size,uncertain quality of recycling,and the series of remanufacturing steps can easily lead to additional costs and resource consumption,and the shortage of funds often limits the implementation of remanufacturing in the engineering machinery industry.In this case,manufacturers with limited funds in the supply chain of engineering machinery remanufacturing can obtain funds from suppliers through carbon quota repurchase financing,and coordinate the supply chain with a revenue-sharing contract.We consider the pricing decision of a two-level supply chain consisting of a supplier and an engineering machinery manufacturer,where the supplier provides core components to the manufacturer,and the manufacturer produces both new products and remanufactured products,which are sold in the same market.When the manufacturer considers carbon quota repurchase financing with the supplier,the manufacturer initially sells part of the carbon quota allocated by the government to the supplier to obtain financing,uses the financing funds together with self-owned funds for production,and repurchases the quota from the supplier at the end of production and sales period.The supplier allows the manufacturer to pay all the wholesale price of the core components at the end of the period,saving the manufacturer’s capital occupation and enabling it to expand production scale.Then,in order to improve the overall performance of the remanufacturing supply chain,a revenue-sharing contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain.Finally,the corresponding model is solved by utilizing the Lagrange theorem and KKT conditions.Through model analysis and numerical simulation,this study explores the influence of carbon quota repurchase financing and revenue-sharing contracts on the optimal decision-making and profits of the engineering machinery remanufacturing supply chain.The research results show that:1)When the manufacturer’s initial capital is limited,the output of new products,the total output and the wholesale price of core components can be improved by adopting quota repurchase financing,and the profits of both sides of the supply chain and the total profit of the supply chain are always higher than those without carbon quota repurchase financing,in other words,carbon quota repurchase financing can promote the production activities of manufacturers.2)When carbon quota repurchase financing is adopted,as the amount of carbon quota repurchase financing increases,the output of new products,the total output,and the wholesale price of core components all increase,while the output of remanufactured products decreases,and they all remain unchanged after reaching the optimal decision.3)When the amount of quota repurchase financing that suppliers are willing to provide is low,supply chain members are more willing to accept the revenue-sharing contracts,and when the revenue sharing ratio is certain,both sides of the supply chain can achieve Pareto improvement.