多流耦合赛车气动特性分析

Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of multi-flow coupled racing car

气动特性是影响赛车操纵稳定性和燃油经济性的重要因素,为改善其性能,针对赛车多气动部件耦合流场进行研究。分析赛车气动力学结果、流场结构、涡流效应与流场耦合作用等。针对赛车在15 m/s直线工况,采用特征完备的赛车模型和SST k-ω湍流模型以提高涡流强度及分布的预测精度,完成整车气动特性仿真分析,结果表明,赛车尾翼、前翼和扩散器的负升力会依次减小,且气动合力矩的产生造成后轴实际载荷的增加。流场结构分析结果表明,赛车前翼襟翼下方涡流及尾翼端板缺口涡流处均可产生较好的减阻效果;在前翼、侧箱及扩散器共同作用下,散热器上部表面压力充足。根据累计力系数曲线得出赛车负升力输出平稳而阻力输出波动。为赛车气动特性的研究提供了参考。

Aerodynamic characteristics significantly influence the handling stability and fuel efficiency of racing cars.Therefore,investigating the coupled flow field of multiple pneumatic components is essential to enhance vehicle performance.This study analyzes the aerodynamic performance,flow field structure,vortex effects,and flow field coupling.Employing a car model and the SST k-ω turbulence model,the prediction accuracy of vortex intensity and distribution was improved for a car traveling at 15 m/s in a straight line,facilitating a comprehensive simulation analysis of the car′s aerodynamic characteristics.Results indicated a sequential decrease in the negative lift forces generated by the rear wing,front wing,and diffuser,with the combined aerodynamic torque leading to an increased load on the rear axle.Flow field structure analysis revealed that the vortex beneath the front wing flaps and the notched vortex at the tail end plate contribute to improved drag reduction.The collaboration between the front wing,side box,and diffuser ensures adequate pressure on the upper surface of the radiator.The cumulative force coefficient curve demonstrates stable negative lift output and fluctuating drag output.Analysis of the coupled flow field of pneumatic components offers valuable insights into the car′s aerodynamic characteristics.