果蔬中主要污染物与污染状况及其危害研究进展

Research progress on the main pollutants and pollution status in fruits and vegetables,as well as their hazards

果蔬在种植、贮藏、加工、运输等多个环节中极易受到致病微生物、农药及重金属等各类污染物的侵害,一旦受到污染,不仅会对人体健康构成潜在威胁,还将导致重大的经济损失。近年来,鉴于果蔬污染问题的严重性,学术界针对果蔬中的主要污染物及其潜在危害展开了广泛而深入的研究。为了解果蔬中污染物的来源、污染物侵染果蔬的途径和关键环节以及食用被污染的果蔬对人体的危害,本文介绍了近年来果蔬中主要污染物及其污染状况和危害性的研究进展,总结了致病微生物、农药、重金属及其他典型污染物(寄生虫和多环芳烃)对果蔬的影响,并对其生物毒性进行综述,以期为改善果蔬安全性的研究提供参考,并为预防果蔬污染的创新开发提供新的思路。

Fruits and vegetables are highly susceptible to various pollutants such as pathogenic microorganisms,pesticides and heavy metals in planting,storage,processing,transportation and other links,and once polluted,it will not only pose a potential threat to human health,but also lead to significant economic losses.In recent years,in view of the seriousness of the problem of fruit and vegetable pollution,the academic community has carried out extensive and in-depth research on the main pollutants in fruits and vegetables and their potential hazards.In order to explore the sources of pollutants in fruits and vegetables,the pathways and key links of pollutants infecting fruits and vegetables,and the harm of eating contaminated fruits and vegetables to the human body,this paper introduced the research progress of the main pollutants in fruits and vegetables in recent years,and summarized the effects of pathogenic microorganisms,pesticides,heavy metals and other typical pollutants(parasites and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)on fruits and vegetables,and reviewed their biological toxicity,in order to provide reference for the research on improving the safety of fruits and vegetables,and provide new ideas for the innovation and development of fruit and vegetable pollution prevention.