蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的膳食摄入风险评估

Dietary intake risk assessment of matrine and oxymatrine in honey

目的明确我国各地蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量情况,对其膳食摄入风险进行评估,并对其最大残留限量(maximum residue limit,MRL)进行推算。方法对苦参碱和氧化苦参碱作为中药成分的现有毒理学数据和临床试验数据进行统计分析,结合现有蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱含量水平、分布特征等数据,根据每日允许摄入量(acceptable daily intake,ADI)、急性参考剂量(acute reference dose,ARfD)、人均体重和蜂蜜消费量进行苦参碱和氧化苦参碱短期、长期膳食摄入风险评估。根据评估方法,推算蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的MRL。结果苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的短期风险熵数(short-term risk quotient,RQa)分别为0.03200%和0.18115%,长期风险熵数(long-termriskquotient,RQc)分别为0.00019%和0.00133%,均远小于100%;当RQc=100%时,推算苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的MRL均为157.5 mg/kg。结论中国蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的膳食暴露人体健康风险非常低,完全可接受。推算出蜂蜜中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的MRL要远高于欧盟的限量要求,为打破我国蜂蜜出口贸易壁垒提供了数据支持。

Objective To clarify the content of matrine and oxymatrine in honey from various regions of China,evaluate their dietary intake risk,and calculate their maximum residue limit(MRL).Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the existing toxicological data and clinical trial data of matrine and oxymatrine as traditional Chinese medicine ingredients.Combined with the existing levels and distribution characteristics of matrine and oxymatrine in honey,short-term and long-term dietary intake risks of matrine and oxymatrine were evaluated based on acceptable daily intake(ADI),acute reference dose(ARfD),per capita weight,and honey consumption.The MRL of matrine and oxymatrins in honey were evaluated according to the evaluation method.Results The short-term risk quotient(RQa)of matrine and oxymatrine were 0.03200%and 0.18115%,respectively,while the long-term risk quotient(RQc)were 0.00019%and 0.00133%,both of which were far less than 100%;when the RQc was 100%,the estimated MRL of matrine and oxymatrine were both 157.5 mg/kg.Conclusion The dietary exposure of matrine and oxymatrine in Chinese honey poses a very low risk to human health and the dietary risk is completely acceptable.It has been calculated that the MRL of matrine and oxymatrine in honey is much higher than the limit requirements of European Union,and it can provide data support for breaking down the export trade barriers of China's honey.