果蝇对不同甜味物质的选择偏好及其感知机制

The Preference and Perception Mechanisms of Different Sweeteners in Drosophila melanogaster

为了有效应对因过量糖摄入而引发的健康问题,探究甜味物质选择偏好及其感知机制至关重要。本研究以黑腹果蝇为模式动物,通过评估果蝇对能量糖(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)和非能量代糖(山梨醇)的选择偏好,探究糖类偏好的特异性甜味感知受体机制。结果显示:与山梨糖醇相比,能量糖可以刺激雌性果蝇产更多的卵并显著影响产卵位置偏好。在甜味受体Gr5a层面,研究发现该受体在低浓度甜味基质的感知和行为调节中发挥了关键作用。在高浓度甜味基质中,即使Gr5a功能受损,雌性果蝇仍能进行有限的产卵,提示可能存在其它感知机制补偿了部分功能,多样化的感知机制使动物能够更有效地在环境中选择适合其需求的食物,从而优化营养选择。本研究揭示了果蝇在复杂糖环境中的感知和行为响应机制,为代糖在食品中的应用提供了科学依据,并为更广泛地减糖策略和健康饮食研究提供了新的视角和理论支持。

To effectively address health issues caused by excessive sugar intake,it is crucial to explore the selection preferences and perception mechanisms of sweeteners.This study used Drosophila melanogaster(black-bellied Drosophila)as a model organism to investigate the specificity of sweet taste perception receptor mechanisms by assessing Drosophila'preferences for caloric sugars(sucrose,fructose,glucose)and non-caloric sugar substitutes(sorbitol).The results showed that,compared to sorbitol,caloric sugars stimulated female Drosophila to lay more eggs and exhibited significant oviposition site preferences.Considering the sweet taste receptor Gr5a,it was found that this receptor played a critical role in the perception and behavioral regulation of low-concentration sweet substrates.In high-concentration sweet substrates,even when the function of Gr5a was impaired,fruit flies could still perform limited oviposition,suggesting the presence of other compensatory perception mechanisms.These diverse perception mechanisms enabled animals to more effectively select foods that meet their needs in their environment,optimizing nutritional choices.This study revealed the perceptual and behavioral response mechanisms of Drosophila in a complex sugar environment,providing scientific evidence for the application of sugar substitutes in food and offering new perspectives and theoretical support for broader sugar reduction strategies and healthy eating research.