产区和成熟度对‘黑比诺’葡萄酿酒品质的影响

Effects of Region and Maturity on the Winemaking Quality of‘Pinot Noir’Grapes

为探究大尺度风土下葡萄果实品质差异及过熟阶段葡萄果实风味物质的变化情况,选取宁夏贺兰山东麓和河北怀来沙城两个产区的两个成熟度的‘黑比诺’果实为材料,测定其理化指标,采用LC-MS检测果实多酚含量,GC-MS检测其挥发性香气图谱,结合PCA、OPLS-DA等分析产区和成熟度对‘黑比诺’葡萄果实酿酒品质的影响。结果表明:两产区‘黑比诺’葡萄果实的可溶性固形物在20~21°Brix,可滴定酸度在4.5~5.5 g/L范围。产区显著影响果皮单体花色苷组分。贺兰山东麓产区的葡萄果实具有更高含量的籽黄烷醇、降异戊二烯和萜烯类物质含量。延迟采收降低了葡萄果皮花色苷、籽黄烷醇含量,而促进了高级醇、苯类和醛酮类物质的积累。PCA结果表明:延迟采收带来的差异大于产区间的差异,葡萄果皮花色苷及黄烷醇是不同成熟度果实间的主要差异物质。C6/C9类物质、降异戊二烯和萜烯类香气物质是不同产区间的标志性差异物质。总体而言,两产区‘黑比诺’葡萄果实的酿酒品质存在较大差异,通过延迟采收可以提高葡萄果实的部分酿酒品质。

To investigate the difference in grape quality under large-scale terroir conditions and the evolution of the flavor substances in the overripe grapes,the present study selected Pinot Noir(Vitis vinifera L.cv.)grape berries from two regions of the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountains and Hebei Huailai Shacheng at two maturity levels as the experimental samples.The physicochemical indicators,phenolic and volatile compounds were determined and combined with the principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,and the effects of wine region and maturity on the winemaking quality of Pinot Noir grapes were investigated.The results showed that the total soluble solids of the two regions were 20-21°Brix,with the titratable acidity from 4.5 to 5.5 g/L.The composition of the monomeric anthocyanins in grape skins was significantly affected by the wine region.Grape berries from the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountains had higher content of seed flavanols,norisoprenoids and terpenes.Late harvest decreased the content of total anthocyanins and seed flavanols but promoted the accumulation of higher alcohols,benzenes,aldehydes and ketones.The PCA results showed that the difference caused by late harvest was greater than that of the wine regions.Anthocyanins and flavanols in grape skins were the main biomarkers among the grapes of different maturity,whereas C6/C9 compounds,norisoprenoids and terpenes were the dominant different compounds among wine regions.In general,the winemaking quality of Pinot Noir grapes from the two regions varied,and late harvest could improve some flavors of grapes for winemaking.