城市交通隧道电动汽车火灾安全研究进展

Research progress on fire safety protection of electric vehicles in urban traffic tunnels

城市电动汽车数量增加给城市交通隧道消防安全带来了新的挑战。论文首先归纳了隧道内电动车辆火灾研究的科学问题和关键技术问题,总结了电动汽车火灾成因及研究手段、火灾燃烧热特性、燃烧产物特性等领域的研究成果,分析了隧道狭长受限空间结构对电动汽车火灾发展过程的影响,探讨了城市交通隧道电动汽车火灾的消防救援。根据现行消防标准规范及隧道消防设计指南,讨论了应对电动汽车火灾交通隧道消防系统设计需要改进的要点。研究表明,新能源车火灾场景比燃油车火灾场景更复杂,主要表现在电池不稳定的喷射火源、持续时间、峰值热释放和峰值温度、汽车带电风险等方面。目前电动汽车火灾实体试验研究主要是在大空间或者开放空间中进行,隧道受限空间对电池燃烧特性影响、电动汽车火灾羽流特性以及有毒烟气蔓延及控制还缺乏系统性研究。研究成果能够为城市交通隧道的消防设计、安全运营以及应急救援预案制定提供参考。

The increase in the number of urban electric vehicles brings new challenges to urban traffic tunnel fire safety belts.The paper first summarizes the scientific and key technical issues re⁃lated to the study of electric vehicle fires in tunnels,and then pres⁃ents research findings in areas such as the causes of electric ve⁃hicle fires and research methodologies,thermal characteristics of fire combustion,characteristics of fire combustion products,etc.It also examines the impact of the narrow and confined environ⁃ment of tunnels on the development of electric vehicle fires and discusses fire rescue strategies for electric vehicle fires in urban traffic tunnels.According to current fire safety standards and tun⁃nel fire design guidelines,the key points for improving the design of fire protection systems in traffic tunnels to address electric ve⁃hicle fires are discussed.Research indicates that fire incidents in⁃volving new energy vehicles are more complex compared to those involving conventional fuel-powered vehicles.This complexity is primarily manifested in unstable battery ignition sources,pro⁃longed durations,peak heat release rates,peak temperatures,and the risk of electric vehicle electrification.Moreover,there re⁃mains a lack of systematic studies on the influence of confined tun⁃nel spaces on battery combustion characteristics,the characteris⁃tics of plumes generated by electric vehicle fires,as well as the spread and control of toxic smoke.The findings of this study can provide valuable insights for the design of fire protection systems in urban traffic tunnels,ensuring safe operations,and formulating emergency response plans.