走马楼吴简所见“自首士簿”复原与研究

Reconstruction and Study of the Zishou Shi Register from the Wu Slips Unearthed at Zoumalou

新刊吴简中保存了一份“自首士簿”,可得到较为完整的复原。该簿系临湘侯国为应对上级官府的临时性专项检查而作,属于草稿或底本,故留在本地而未发出。整份簿书并非一次性制作,而是部曲田曹将历年原始簿书直接套连的结果。“自首士”义为“自首的士兵”,其来源并非“叛士”,而是民间反叛武装。“自首士”平日的主要任务是“为官限佃”,缴纳限米。最初,为了招诱,国家所规定的纳米额度(28.24斛)相对较轻,但当此目的基本达到以后,纳米额度暴增至40斛,以致大量“自首士”因难以承受而或死或逃。“自首士”与家属分离,所受人身控制十分严格。

The newly published Wu slip Zishou shi register自首士簿can be reconstructed comparatively completely.This register was made in the Marquisate of Linxiang in response to a temporary special inspection by a higher government office.It was a draft or a master copy and this is why it was stored locally and not sent out.The register was not made in a single setting and instead was compiled by connecting various original registers prepared by local military and agricultural officials.The term zishou shi自首士means surrendered soldiers,and refers to local rebels but not rebel soldiers.The main task of these zishou shi was to do farm work for the government and pay tax-rice限米.Initially,the state set the unit quota relatively light at 28.24 hu斛in order to draw in people,but when this goal was basically achieved,the unit quota was substantially increased to 40 hu,which was so unbearable that a large number of the zishou shi died or fled.Separated from their families,the zishou shi were subject to very strict personal control.